This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 13th China National Conference on Computational Linguistics, CCL 2014, and of the First International Symposium on Natural Language Processing Based on Naturally Annotated Big Data, NLP-NABD 2014, held in Wuhan, China, in October 2014. The 27 papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 233 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on word segmentation; syntactic analysis and parsing the Web; semantics; discourse, coreference and pragmatics; textual entailment; language resources and annotation; sentiment analysis, opinion mining and text classification; large-scale knowledge acquisition and reasoning; text mining, open IE and machine reading of the Web; machine translation; multilinguality in NLP; underresourced languages processing; NLP applications.