Yufeng Zheng & Xiaoxue Xu 
Metallic Biomaterials [PDF ebook] 
New Directions and Technologies

Chapter 1. Introduction
1.1. Traditional metallic biomaterials
1.2. Revolutionizing metallic biomaterials and their new biofunctions
1.2.1. What are the revolutionizing metallic biomaterials?
1.2.2. Antibacterial function
1.2.3. Promotion of osteogenesis
1.2.4. Reduction of in-stent restenosis
1.2.5. MRI compatibility
1.2.6. Radiopacity
1.2.7. Self-adjustment of Young’s modulus for spinal fixation applications
1.3. Technical consideration on alloying design of revolutionizing metallic biomaterials
1.3.1. Evolution of mechanical properties with implantation time
1.3.2. Biocorrosion or biodegradation behavior and control on ion release
1.3.3. Safety and effectiveness of biofunctions
1.4. Novel process technologies for revolutionizing metallic biomaterials
1.4.1. 3-D printing
1.4.2. Severe plastic deformation
Chapter 2. Introduction of the biofunctions into the traditional metallic biomaterials
2.1. Antibacterial metallic biomaterials
2.1.1. Antibacterial metals
2.1.2. Antibacterial stainless steels
2.1.2.1. Ag-bearing antibacterial stainless steels
2.1.2.2. Cu-bearing antibacterial stainless steels
2.1.2.3. Other antibacterial stainless steels
2.1.3. Antibacterial Ti alloys
2.1.3.1. Antibacterial Ti-Ag alloys
2.1.3.2. Antibacterial Ti-Cu alloys
2.1.3.3. Antibacterial Ti Ni-based shape memory alloys
2.1.3.4. Surface modified Ti alloys with antibacterial property
2.1.4 Antibacterial Mg alloys
2.1.5 Antibacterial bulk metallic glasses
2.2. MRI compatibility of metallic biomaterials
2.2.1. MRI compatibility of traditional metallic biomaterials
2.2.2. MRI compatible Zr alloys
2.2.3. MRI compatible Nb alloys
2.2.4. Other MRI compatible alloys
2.3. Radiopacity of metallic biomaterials
2.3.1. Stainless steel stents
2.3.2. Co-Cr stents
2.3.3. Nitinol stents
2.3.4. Ta stents
2.3.5. Other metallic stents
Chapter 3. Development of Mg-based degradable metallic biomaterials
3.1. Background
3.2. Mg-based alloy design and selection considerations
3.2.1. Bio-degradation
3.2.2. Bio-compatibility
3.2.3. Considerations in Mg-based alloy design
3.2.3.1. Mechanical property requirements
3.2.3.2. Material compositional design
3.2.3.3. Toxicity and degradation consideration
3.2.4. Methods to improve mechanical property
3.2.4.1. in-situ strengthening
3.2.4.2. Post processing
3.3. State-of-the-art of the Mg-based alloy material research
3.3.1. Pure Mg
3.3.2. Mg-based alloys with essential elements
3.3.2.1. Mg-Ca based alloys
3.3.2.2. Mg-Si- and Mg-Sr-based alloys
3.3.3. Mg-based alloys with high strength
3.3.3.1. Mg-Zn-based alloys
3.3.3.2. Mg-RE-based alloys
3.3.4. Mg-based alloys with special biofunctions
3.3.5. Mg-based alloys with improved corrosion resistance
3.3.6. Mg-based alloys with bio-activated surfaces
3.3.6.1. Drug-releasing coatings
3.3.6.2. Biomimetic coatings
3.4. State-of-the-art of the Mg-based alloy device research
3.4.1. Cardiovascular devices
3.4.2. Orthopedic devices
3.5. Challenges and opportunities for Mg-based biomedical materials and devices
Chapter 4. Development of bulk metallic glasses for biomedical application
4.1. Background
4.1.1. Oxide glasses as biomaterials
4.1.2. Bulk metallic glasses
4.1.3. Fabrication of bulk metallic glasses
4.1.4 properties of bulk metallic glasses
4.2. Non-biodegradable bulk metallic glasses
4.2.1. Ti-based bulk metallic glasses
4.2.2. Zr-based bulk metallic glasses
4.2.3. Fe-based bulk metallic glasses
4.3. Biodegradable bulk metallic glasses
4.3.1. Mg-based bulk metallic glasses
4.3.2. Ca-based bulk metallic glasses
4.3.3. Zn-based bulk metallic glasses
4.3.4. Sr-based bulk metallic glasses
4.4. Perspectives on future R&D of bulk metallic glass for biomedical application
4.4.1. How to design better bulk metallic glasses?
4.4.1.1. Functional minor alloying elements
4.4.1.2. The glass forming ability
4.4.2. Surface modification of bulk metallic glasses
4.4.3. How to manufacture medical devices using bulk metallic glasses?
4.4.4. Future biomedical application areas of bulk metallic glass
Chapter 5.

Yufeng Zheng is Professor in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Peking University, China. He started his research career at Harbin Institute of Technology in China after obtained his Ph D in materials science there. In 2004, he moved to Peking University and founded the Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Devices at the College of Engineering. He was a winner of the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars in 2012. He has published over 360 scientific publications including eight books and seven book chapters.
Xiaoxue Xu is Macquarie University Research Fellow in the Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences at Macquarie University, Australia. After she received her Ph D in Materials Science and Engineering from the University of Western Australia, she worked there as Research Assistant Professor in the School of Chemical and Mechanical Engineering. She joined Macquarie University in 2014 and her research is focused on nanostructured biomaterials.

Zhigang Xu is Senior Research Scientist in Department of Mechanical Engineering at North Carolina A&T State University, USA. He is also affiliated to NSF Engineering Research Center for Revolutionizing Metallic Biomaterials, USA. He received his Ph D in Mechanical Engineering from North Carolina A&T State University and then continued his research there as a faculty. He leads a Mg-alloy processing research group and Mg-based alloy design and processing project.
Jun-Qiang Wang is Professor in Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He got his Ph D in Condensed Matter Physics from Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. From 2010 to 2014 he worked as Research Associate in Tohoku University, Japan and University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA. He joined the Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering in 2014 and was awarded the support of One Hundred Talents Program of Chinese Academy of Science. His research focused on fabrication and applications of metallic glasses.
Hong Cai is Associate Professor in Department of Orthopedics at Peking University Third Hospital, China. He worked over 10 years as Attending in orthopedics. During that time he also worked sometime as Clinical Fellow at Seoul University, Korea, University of Western Ontario, Canada and Rush University Medical Center, USA. His research interest is design and development of new implants and 3D printing in orthopedics.