Notes from Underground by Fyodor Dostoevsky (Bauer World Press) is a seminal work of Russian literature, published in 1864. Divided into two parts, this novella provides an intense psychological exploration of its unnamed narrator, known as the Underground Man.

The first part, ‘The Underground, ‘ delves into the narrator’s philosophical musings on human nature, freedom, and the irrationality of human behavior, challenging the enlightenment ideals of rationality and progress. The second part, ‘Ápropos of the Wet Snow, ‘ presents a series of episodic events from the narrator’s past, illustrating his social isolation, spite, and the contradictions of his character through interactions with others. 

Dostoevsky uses this character to critique both the utopian socialism of his time and the notion of a perfectly rational society, emphasizing instead the complexity of human consciousness and the inherent value of human freedom, even in its most self-destructive forms. This work is often considered a precursor to existentialism, highlighting themes of alienation, free will, and the conflict between the individual and society.