Guillaume Durand 
The Symbolism of Churches and Church Ornaments [EPUB ebook] 
A Translation of the First Book of the Rationale Divinorum Officiorum

Guillaume Durand, also known as Durandus of Mende, was a respected medieval author and cleric who lived during the 13th century. He was born around 1230 and passed away in 1296. Durand is most famous for his seminal work ‘Rationale Divinorum Officiorum’ (The Symbolism of Churches and Church Ornaments), written around 1286, which constitutes a comprehensive treatise on the liturgy and ecclesiastical symbolism of the time. As the Bishop of Mende, his insights into religious practices and liturgical art represent a significant contribution to the understanding of medieval Christian iconography. Durand’s scholarly method combines the theological interpretation of church ornaments and symbols with practical guidance for the clergy. His work illustrates a keen interest in the didactic role of church art and architecture. This reflects his broader ecclesiastical philosophy that the clergy’s responsibility is to edify the laity, not only through sermons but also through the surrounding physical space of worship. Durand’s treatise is considered a valuable source for art historians and theologians alike, providing a window into the allegorical language of the medieval Christian church. He incorporates an intricate blend of scriptural references, patristic teachings, and scholastic thought, marking his style as erudite and didactic. The comprehensive nature of Durand’s literary output enshrines him as an important figure in the canon of medieval church writers and a key precursor to the wave of cathedral building that swept across Europe in the ensuing centuries.