Historically employed to estimate and measure the likely material requirements for any building project, the role of the modern quantity surveyor is diverse, with a wide range of employers and geographical locations to match. Change continues to be a feature in quantity surveying practice, with the New Rules of Measurement, the RICS Black Book and Building Information Modelling (BIM) all adding to the already dynamic environment in which the Quantity Surveyor operates. This new edition of Practice and Procedure for the Quantity Surveyor reflects that dynamic environment, addressing changing practices and procedures in the profession, whilst focussing on the core skills which are essential to success.
The 13th edition of this classic text, originally written by three generations of the Willis family (all quantity surveyors) continues to provide a thorough introduction to the work of the quantity surveyor in private practice, in public service and in contracting organisations.
विषयसूची
Preface xi
1 The Work of the Quantity Surveyor 1
Introduction 1
A changing industry 2
Construction sectors 5
The role of the quantity surveyor 8
Skills, knowledge and understanding 13
What’s in a name? 16
Discussion topic 18
References20
Bibliography21
2 Education, Training and Employment 22
Introduction 22
Chronology of quantity surveying education 1960–2012 22
Quantity surveyors in education 25
Partnership and accreditation 26
Non-cognate disciplines 27
Vocational experience and qualifications 28
Assessment of professional competence (APC) 28
Continuing professional development (CPD) 30
Construction Industry Council (CIC) 30
Changing work patterns 31
The professions 40
Role of the RICS 44
Discussion topic 46
References48
Bibliography49
3 Organisation and Management 50
Introduction50
Staffing 50
Office organisation 52
Employer’s responsibilities 54
Public relations and marketing 58
Quality management 60
Time and cost management 62
Developing staff and skills 63
Finance and accounts 65
Discussion topic 70
References73
Bibliography73
4 The Quantity Surveyor and the Law 75
Introduction 75
The quantity surveyor and the client 75
Collateral warranties 82
Performance bonds 84
Professional indemnity insurance 85
Contracts of employment 85
Equality Act 2010 87
Discussion topic 88
References 90
Bibliography 90
5 Research and Innovation 91
Introduction 91
RICS 92
Classification of research and development 93
Research and development in the construction and property industries 94
‘Rethinking construction innovation and research’ 95
Changing role of the quantity surveyor 97y
Research and development in quantity surveying practice 98
Academic research 100
Research dissemination 101
The importance of change 102
Innovation 104
Conclusions 105
Discussion topic 106
References 109
Bibliography 109
6 Cost Control 110
Introduction 110
Project cost control 110
Cost advice 111
New rules of measurement (NRM) 112
Precontract estimating methods 113
General considerations 117
Accuracy of approximate estimates 118
Preparing the approximate estimate 119
Whole life costing 120
Value management 121
Risk analysis 121
Best value 122
Taxation122
Financial assistance for development 125
Post-contract methods 127
Discussion topic 129
References 132
Bibliography 133
7 Whole Life Costing 134
Introduction 134
Brief history 135
Government policy 136
Whole life value 136
Whole life costing applications 137
Main factors to consider 139
Targeting the major elements of costs-in-use 141
Depreciation and obsolescence in buildings 141
Long life, loose fit and low energy 142
Calculations 142
Forecasting the future 144
Whole life cost forum (WLCF) 148
Conclusions148
Discussion topic 149
References 152
Bibliography 153
8 Value Management 154
Introduction 154
Background 155
Terminology 155
When should surveyors use value management? 156
The application of value management 159
Function analysis 166
Supporting the case for value management 172
Professional development and accreditation 173
Discussion topic 174
References177
Bibliography177
9 Risk Management 179
Introduction 179
When should surveyors use risk management? 180
The application of risk management 182
Risk analysis 184
Risk registers 186
Expected monetary value (EMV) 189
Simulation (quantitative risk analysis) 189
Risk management 192
Appraisal of risk management options 195
Considerations in risk allocation 196
Merging risk management and value management opportunity? 197
Discussion topic 198
References202
Bibliography202
10 Procurement 203
Introduction 203
General matters 204
Standard forms of contract 206
Methods of price determination 207
Contractor selection and appointment 210
Procurement options 214
Contract strategy 220
Client procurement needs 221
Partnering 223
The Private Finance Initiative (PFI) 226
The role of the quantity surveyor 226
Discussion topic 227
References230
Bibliography230
11 Contract Documentation 232
Contract documents 232
Coordinated project information 233
Form of contract 235
Contract drawings 236
Schedules 237
Contract bills 237
Methods of measurement 240
Contract specification 242
Schedules of rates 242
Master programme 243
Information release schedule 243
Discrepancies in documents 243
Discussion topic 244
References246
Bibliography246
12 Preparation of Contract Bills 247
Appointment of the quantity surveyor 247
Receipt of drawings 248
Taking-off 250
Contract bills 253
Invitation to tender 256
Receipt of tenders 260
E-tendering 266
Discussion topic 268
References 270
Bibliography 270
13 Cost Management 272
Introduction 272
Valuations 273
Valuation on insolvency 286
Cost control and reporting 287
Discussion topic 291
References 294
Bibliography 294
14 Final Accounts 295
Introduction 295
Variations 296
Procedure for measurement and evaluation 298
Pricing variations 301
Provisional sums 307
Fluctuations 308
Materials 310
Completing the account 312
Audit 313
Timing and resources 315
Discussion topic 316
References319
Bibliography319
15 Insolvency 320
Introduction 320
The role of the quantity surveyor 323
Scenario 323
The role of the liquidator 324
Determination of contract (contractor insolvency) 325
Provision in the forms of contract 326
Factors to consider at insolvency 327
Completion of the contract 328
The employer’s loss 329
Expenditure involved 330
Termination of contract (employer insolvency) 331
Insolvency of the quantity surveyor or architect 332
Performance bonds 332
Discussion topic 333
References 335
Bibliography 336
16 Contractual Disputes 337
Introduction 337
Why disputes arise 338
Litigation 339
Arbitration 340
Adjudication 342
Alternative dispute resolution 343
Conclusion 345
Expert witness 346
Lay advocacy 347
Claims348
Discussion topic 355
References358
Bibliography358
17 Project Management 360
Introduction 360
Justifying project management by adding value 361
Terminology 362
Attributes of the project manager 363
Duties and responsibilities of the project manager 369
Quantity surveying skills and expertise 375
Fees 376
Education and training for the project manager 376
Discussion topic 377
References381
Bibliography381
18 Facilities Management 382
Introduction 382
The work of the facilities manager 383
Sustainability 397
Facilities management opportunities for the quantity surveyor 400
Education and training for the facilities manager 401
Discussion topic 401
References405
Bibliography405
19 Emergent Themes: Sustainability and BIM 406
Introduction 406
Background 406
Quantity surveying and sustainability 412
Zero carbon 413
Building Information Modeling (BIM) 414
BIM use within the industry 416
Discussion topic 420
References 422
Bibliography 422
Index 424
लेखक के बारे में
Allan Ashworth DUniv (Hon), MSc, MRICS is a Visiting Professor at the University of Salford and the Adjunct Professor in Quantity Surveying at UTAR in Malaysia. He is a former HMI (Her Majesty’s Inspector) in the Department for Education and Employment and the Senior Academic Advisor to the Centre for Education in the Built Environment based at the University of Salford.
Keith Hogg BSc, PGCE was, until his recent retirement, Associate Dean (Development) in the School of the Built Environment at Northumbria University. He worked in private practice in the UK and overseas and engaged in research and practise in areas of risk management and value management. Throughout much of his career he was closely involved with the RICS in areas of Quantity Surveying Practice and Surveying Education.
Catherine Higgs MSc, MRICS is a Senior Lecturer in Quantity Surveying and Associate Head of the Department of Construction and Property at the University of the West of England, Bristol. She is also a UWE Teaching Fellow with a strong interest in the pedagogy of quantity surveying practice.
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