Women in Love is a novel by British author D. H. Lawrence published in 1920. It is a sequel to his earlier novel The Rainbow (1915), and follows the continuing loves and lives of the Brangwen sisters, Gudrun and Ursula. Gudrun Brangwen, an artist, pursues a destructive relationship with Gerald Crich, an industrialist. Lawrence contrasts this pair with the love that develops between Ursula and Rupert Birkin, an alienated intellectual who articulates many opinions associated with the author. The emotional relationships thus established are given further depth and tension by an unadmitted homoerotic attraction between Gerald and Rupert. The novel ranges over the whole of British society at the time of the First World War and eventually ends high up in the snows of the Swiss Alps.
As with most of Lawrence’s works, Women in Love caused controversy over its sexual subject matter. One early reviewer said of it, ‘I do not claim to be a literary critic, but I know dirt when I smell it, and here is dirt in heaps, festering, putrid heaps which smell to high Heaven.’
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David Herbert Lawrence was an English writer, novelist, poet and essayist. His works reflect on modernity, industrialization, sexuality, emotional health, vitality, spontaneity and instinct. His best-known novels, Sons and Lovers, The Rainbow, Women in Love, and Lady Chatterley’s Lover, notably concerned gay and lesbian relationships, and were the subject of censorship trials.
Lawrence’s opinions and artistic preferences earned him many enemies, and he endured persecution and misrepresentation of his creative work throughout the second half of his life, much of which he spent in a voluntary exile, four years of which he described as a ‘savage enough pilgrimage’.[1] At the time of his death, his public reputation was that of a pornographer who had wasted his considerable talents. However, English novelist and critic E. M. Forster, in an obituary notice, challenged this widely held view, describing him as ‘the greatest imaginative novelist of our generation.'[2] Later, English literary critic F. R. Leavis also championed both his artistic integrity and his moral seriousness.
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