Nanopharmaceuticals, designing and engineering nanoscale active drugs, drug products and drug delivery systems, is considered to be amongst the frontier technologies of the 21st century. Envisioned to bring revolutionary advances in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, it represents an emerging area that has distinct potential to overcome long standing problem of low drug bioavailability at the targeted disease site. This volume provides a systematic coverage of the fundamentals, technologies and applications of nanotechnology, currently being employed to foster the development of various pharmaceutical dosage forms and drug delivery systems. Endeavored towards improving the new chemical entities (NCEs) with poor biopharmaceutical properties (i.e., BCS II/IV), this book illustrates several approaches of nanotechnology in drug discovery – employing modeling techniques for pharmaceutical optimization, designing and manufacturing pharmaceutical cocrystals and nanocrystals, and transforming the stabilization characteristics to achieve desirable pharmacokinetic and toxicological attributes. Topics covered range from natural biomaterials, novel carriers, process scale-up, and Design of Experiments under the new paradigm of pharmaceutical Quality by Design (Qb D). Use of pharmacokinetic modeling and chronopharmacokinetics for nano-based drug delivery technologies is discussed quite aptly. Applications of nanotechnology in oral, parenteral, transmucosal drug delivery, and in developing nanocosmetics and phytomedicines have been thoroughly overviewed. This book will serve as an important reference for professionals, academicians and students engaged in all facets of drug product development.