Ian Warrington 
Horticultural Reviews, Volume 46 [EPUB ebook] 

Contributors ix
Dedication: Guglielmo Costa xiii
A. Ross Ferguson
1. Recent Advances in Sexual Propagation and Breeding of Garlic 1
Einat Shemesh-Mayer and Rina Kamenetsky Goldstein
I. Introduction 2
II. Horticultural Diversity and Genetic Resources 3
III. Life Cycle and the Flowering Process 6
IV. Fertility Barriers 16
V. Unlocking Variability by Sexual Reproduction 24
VI. Concluding Remarks 29
Literature Cited 29
2. Control of Fruit Tree Vigor Induced by Dwarfing Rootstocks 39
Boris Basile and Theodore M. De Jong
I. Introduction 40
II. Biological Complexity of Grafted Fruit Trees and Rootstock-Scion Interactions 42
III. Physiology of the Dwarfism Induced by Rootstocks in Fruit Trees 52
IV. Conclusions 81
Literature Cited 83
3. Turmeric: Botany and Production Practices 99
D. Prasath, K. Kandiannan, N.K. Leela, S. Aarthi, B. Sasikumar, and K. Nirmal Babu
I. Introduction 102
II. Botany 104
III. Biochemistry 110
IV. Plant Genetic Resources and Breeding 116
V. Biotechnology 122
VI. Horticultural Management 133
VII. Postharvest Processing 154
VIII. Future Prospects 156
Literature Cited 157
4. Fruit Thinning: Advances and Trends 185
Guglielmo Costa, Alessandro Botton, and Giannina Vizzotto
I. Introduction 186
II. Thinning 191
III. Abscission Physiology 206
IV. Future Perspectives 212
Literature Cited 217
5. Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière): Perspectives from its Northwestern
Range Limit 227
Emily K. Ellingson, Stan C. Hokanson, and James M. Bradeen
I. Introduction and History 228
II. Ecology 232
III. Horticulture 239
IV. Conservation 243
V. Conclusion 246
Literature Cited 247
6. Apple Crop Load Management with Special Focus on Early Thinning Strategies: A US Perspective 255
Thomas M. Kon and James R. Schupp
I. Introduction 256
II. Pruning to Reduce Crop Load 259
III. Blossom Thinners 263
IV. Integrated Crop Load Management Strategies 285
V. Conclusion 286
Acknowledgments 288
Literature Cited 289
7. Grow Us Our Daily Bread: A Review of Breadfruit Cultivation in Traditional and Contemporary Systems 299
Noa Kekuewa Lincoln, Diane Ragone, Nyree J.C. Zerega Laura B. Roberts-Nkrumah, Mark Merlin, and
A. Maxwell P. Jones
I. Introduction 301
II. Botanical Classification 303
III. Origins 306
IV. Pacific Distribution 309
V. Archeological Evidence of Breadfruit 310
VI. Traditional Cultivation 311
VII. Traditional Uses 317
VIII. Historical Movement 320
IX. Climate, Range, and Ecology 323
X. Physiology 325
XI. Morphology 326
XII. Reproductive Biology 328
XIII. Growth and Development 330
XIV. Agronomy 336
XV. Diseases 351
XVI. Pests 360
XVII. Conclusions and Future Research Needs 363
Literature Cited 366
8. Kiwifruit Biology: The Commercial Implications of Fruit Maturation 385
Jeremy N. Burdon
I. Introduction 386
II. Kiwifruit in Global Trade 387
III. Harvest Indices 389
IV. Fruit Development 391
V. Physical and Compositional Changes During Maturation 394
VI. What are we Missing About Fruit Maturation? 403
VII. Postharvest Performance 405
VIII. Commercial Implications of Understanding Maturation 410
IX. Concluding Comments 413
Acknowledgments 415
Literature Cited 415
Subject Index 423
Cumulative Subject Index 427
Cumulative Contributor Index 465

Professor Ian James Warrington CNZM is a Palmerston North horticultural scientist and science administrator. He was former chief executive of Hort Research (now Plant & Food Research). He was a senior administrator at Massey University until his position was axed in a cost-saving move. He received the T. K. Sidey Medal in 1984, an award set up by the Royal Society of New Zealand for outstanding scientific research. He was appointed a Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit (CNZM) in the 2011 New Year Honours.