Howard Andrew Knox (1885–1949) served as assistant surgeon at Ellis Island during the 1910s, administering a range of verbal and nonverbal tests to determine the mental capacity of potential immigrants. An early proponent of nonverbal intelligence testing (largely through the use of formboards and picture puzzles), Knox developed an evaluative approach that today informs the techniques of practitioners and researchers. Whether adapted to measure intelligence and performance in children, military recruits, neurological and psychiatric patients, or the average job applicant, Knox’s pioneering methods are part of contemporary psychological practice and deserve in-depth investigation.
Completing the first biography of this unjustly overlooked figure, John T. E. Richardson, former president of the International Society for the History of the Neurosciences, takes stock of Knox’s understanding of intelligence and his legacy beyond Ellis Island. Consulting published and unpublished sources, Richardson establishes a chronology of Knox’s life, including details of his medical training and his time as a physician for the U.S. Army. He describes the conditions that gave rise to intelligence testing, including the public’s concern that the United States was opening its doors to the mentally unfit. He then recounts the development of intelligence tests by Knox and his colleagues and the widely-discussed publication of their research. Their work presents a useful and extremely human portrait of psychological testing and its limits, particularly the predicament of the people examined at Ellis Island. Richardson concludes with the development of Knox’s work in later decades and its changing application in conjunction with modern psychological theory.
विषयसूची
Illustrations
Tables
Foreword by Robert J. Sternberg
Preface
Chronology
Key People in the Text
Introduction
Part I: Before Ellis Island
1. Early Years
2. Army Days
Part II: The Context
3. Immigration, Intelligence, and the Public Health Service
4. The Measurement of Intelligence
5. At Ellis Island
Part III: Developing the Ellis Island Tests
6. The Ellis Island Tests
7. Popularizing the Work at Ellis Island
8. Practical Issues in Intelligence Testing
9. After Ellis Island
Part IV: The Legacy
10. Developing Performance Scales
11. Borrowing the Ellis Island Tests
12. What Do Performance Tests Measure?
13. An Appraisal
References
Index
लेखक के बारे में
John T. E. Richardson is the professor of student learning and assessment at The Open University in the United Kingdom and a former professor of psychology and head of the Department of Human Sciences at Brunel University. He is an academician of the U.K. Academy of Social Sciences, a fellow of the British Psychological Society, and a fellow of the Society for Research into Higher Education. He is an associate editor of the
British Journal of Educational Psychology and
Psychology Teaching Review, and among his fifteen coauthored and coedited books are
Gender Differences in Human Cognition,
Imagery: Current Developments,
The Future of Higher Education,
Intelligent Systems in a Human Context, and
Mental Imagery and Human Memory.
एक ही लेखक से अधिक ईबुक / संपादक
77,452 इस श्रेणी में ईबुक
