During the first two years of World War I, Germany struggled to overcome a crippling British blockade of its mercantile shipping lanes. With only sixteen dreadnought-class battleships compared to the renowned British Royal Navy’s twenty-eight, the German High Seas Fleet stood little chance of winning a direct fight. The Germans staged raids in the North Sea and bombarded English coasts in an attempt to lure small British squadrons into open water where they could be destroyed by submarines and surface boats. After months of skirmishes, conflict erupted on May 31, 1916, in the North Sea near Jutland, Denmark, in what would become the most formidable battle in the history of the Royal Navy.
In Jutland, international scholars reassess the strategies and tactics employed by the combatants as well as the political and military consequences of their actions. Most previous English-language military analysis has focused on British admiral Sir John Jellicoe, who was widely criticized for excessive caution and for allowing German vice admiral Reinhard Scheer to escape; but the contributors to this volume engage the German perspective, evaluating Scheer’s decisions and his skill in preserving his fleet and escaping Britain’s superior force. Together, the contributors lucidly demonstrate how both sides suffered from leadership that failed to move beyond outdated strategies of limited war between navies and to embrace the total war approach that came to dominate the twentieth century. The contributors also examine the role of memory, comparing the way the battle has been portrayed in England and Germany. An authoritative collection of scholarship, Jutland serves as an essential reappraisal of this seminal event in twentieth-century naval history.
विषयसूची
Foreword to the First Edition
Preface to the First Edition
Introduction
1. Anglo-German Naval Rivalry, 1860-1914
2. Operational and Strategic Plans in the Kaiser’s Navy prior to World War I
3. The Impact of War: Matching Expectation with Reality in the Royal Navy in the First Months of World War I at Sea
4. ‘The Possibility of Ultimate Action in the Baltic’: The Royal Navy at War, 1914–1916
5. The Imperial Navy, 1914–1915
6. The Battle of Jutland from the German Perspective
7. Jutland: British Viewpoints
8. The Memory of the Battle of Jutland in Britain
9. Remembering the Battle of Jutland in Germany
10. The Battle of Jutland in German Film
11. Ninety Years after Jutland: Reflections
List of Contributors
Index
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Michael Epkenhans is a historian at the Bundeswehr Center of Military History and Social Sciences (ZMSBw) in Potsdam, Germany.
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