This book offers an overview of the educational thinking of Paul Natorp, a key neo-Kantian philosopher and leading educational theorist of Neo-Kantianism, by illustrating the philosophical foundations of his pedagogical argumentation, and the main features of his theory of education. It is intended for anyone interested in the philosophy of education, and seeking to understand the importance of education in human existence. Written in an accessible style, it does not require previous studies in the philosophy of education, but it offers in-depth pedagogical reflection for advanced level students, and researchers of educational theory. The descriptive approach of the book presents a well-founded interpretation of Natorp’s educational thinking. The depiction relies primarily on Natorp’s own writings, and also draws on secondary literature appropriate to the topic. Very little material is available in English about Paul Natorp as an educationalist, and his educational theory. The book provides a significant added value for the scientific community of the philosophy of education and the history of educational ideas.