Marx wrote this 1847 work in response to Pierre-Joseph Proudhon’s 1847 book, The System of Economic Contradictions, or Philosophy of Poverty. Accusing Proudhon of not only wanting to rise above the bourgeoisie, but also adhering to a quasi-religious faith in economic utopianism; Marx, on the contrary, proposes a scientific approach to the study of economic development.
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Karl Marx (1818-1883) was a German political philosopher, writer, and revolutionary. With Friedrich Engels (1820-1895), he wrote The Communist Manifesto (1848), perhaps the most influential political tract since The Declaration of Independence. Living in England, he composed his masterpiece, Das Kapital (1867-94), a comprehensive history and critique of capitalism.