New techniques, improved understanding and changes in regulations relating to environmental analysis means that students, technicians and lecturers alike need an up-to-date guide to practical environmental analysis. This unique book provides detailed instructions for practical experiments in environmental analysis. The comprehensive coverage includes the chemical analysis of important pollutants in air, water, soil and plant tissue, and the experiments generally require only basic laboratory equipment and instrumentation. The content is supported by theoretical material explaining, amongst other concepts, the principles behind each method and the importance of various pollutants. Also included are suggestions for projects and worked examples. Appendices cover environmental standards, practical safety and laboratory practice. Building on the foundations laid by the highly acclaimed first edition, this new edition has been revised and updated to include information on new monitoring techniques, the Air Quality Index, internet resources and professional ethics. Like its predecessor, this informative text is certain to be valued as an indispensable guide to practical environmental analysis by students on a variety of science courses and their lecturers. Reviews of the first edition: ‘I strongly urge academics in chemistry, biology, botany, soil science, geography and environmental science departments to give [this book] serious consideration as a course text.’ Malcolm Cresser, Environment Department, University of York, UK ‘Destined to become a course text for many university courses … a high quality, informative introductory text … there should be multiple copies on most university’s library shelves.’ Environmental Conservation
विषयसूची
Chapter 1: Introduction; 1.1: The environment; 1.2: Environmental Analysis; 1.3: Sampling and Atorage; 1.4: Sample Treatment; 1.5: Analytical Methods; 1.6: Standardisation and Calibration; 1.7: Analytical data; 1.8: Common Problems of Environmental Analysis; 1.9: Ethic; 1.10: A Word of Advice; Chapter 2: Rainwater Analysis; 2.1: Acid Rain; 2.2: Sampling and Analysis; 2.3: Data Analysis and Interpretation; 2.4: p H, Conductivity, and Major Anions; 2.5: Major Cations; 2.6: Heavy Metals; 2.7: Exercises and Information; Chapter 3: Air Analysis; 3.1: Introduction; 3.2: Sampling; 3.3: Sulfur dioxide (SO2); 3.4: Nitrogen dioxide (NO2); 3.5: Ozone (O3); 3.6: Ammonia (NH3); 3.7: Hydrogen chloride (HCl); 3.8: Atmospheric Aerosol: Heavy Metals and Major Constituents; Chapter 4: Water Analysis; 4.1: Introduction; 4.2: Solids in Water; 4.3: Electrochemical Measurements; 4.4: Hardness; 4.5: Alkalinity; 4.6: Dissolved Oxygen (DO); 4.7: Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD); 4.8: Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD); 4.9: Chlorophyll; 4.10: Nitrogen; 4.11: Phosphorus; 4.12: Chloride; 4.13: Fluoride; 4.14: Sulfate; 4.15: Iron; 4.16: Heavy Metals; 4.17: Oil and Grease; Chapter 5: Soil, Sludge, Sediment and Dust Analysis; 5.1: Introduction; 5.2: Sampling and Sample Preparation; 5.3: Dissolution and Extraction; 5.4: Physical Parameters; 5.5: Electrochemical Measurements; 5.6: Alkalinity; 5.7: Soluble Ions; 5.8: Organic Matter; 5.9: Nitrogen; 5.10: Phosphorus; 5.11: Sulfur; 5.12: Exchangeable Cations (Ca2+ , Mg2+ , K+, and Na+) and Cation Exchange capacity (CEC); 5.13: Heavy Metals; Chapter 6 : Plant Analysis; 6.1: Introduction; 6.2: Sampling and Sample Preparation; 6.3: Dissolution and Extraction; 6.4: Water Content and Ash Content; 6.5: Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur; 6.6: Potassium, Sodium, Calcium, and Magnesium; 6.7: Nitrate and Nitrite; 6.8: Heavy Metals
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