Holographic dualities are at the forefront of contemporary physics research: peering into the fundamental nature of our universe and providing best attempt answers to humankind’s bold questions about basic physical phenomena. Yet, the concepts, ideas and mathematical rigors associated with these dualities have long been reserved for the specific field researchers and experts. In this book, we attempt to shatter this long held paradigm by bringing several aspects of holography research into the classroom, starting at the college-physics level and moving up from there. There are numerous examples of holographic dualities in physics, with the Ad S/CFT correspondence of string theory being the most famous. Of particular interest to our work, and pedagogical implementation, are the holographic scaling properties of black holes and their gravitational fields. Exploiting these specific properties will allow us to introduce topics traditionally regarded as complicated, such as ADM mass, into the undergraduate classroom.
विषयसूची
1 Introduction
1.1 The Four Forces & The Geometric Universe
1.2 QFT + GR
1.3 Cosmological Evolution
1.4 Black Holes and Holographic Scaling
2 ADM Mass and Holographic scaling in General Physics
2.1 Vector Notation and Coordinates
2.2 Vectorized Area
2.3 Gaussian Surfaces
2.4 Mass in College Physics
2.5 The Gravielectric Duality
2.6 Mass in University Physics
2.7 On Black Holes in College/University Physics
2.8 Schwarzschild Black Hole
2.9 Rotating/Kerr Black Hole
2.10 Effective Newtonian Black Hole Potentials and ADM Mass
3 Nöther’s Theorem: E&M and Gravity
3.1 Nöther’s Theorem: E&M
3.2 Nöther’s Theorem: Newtonian Gravity
3.3 Nöther’s Theorem and Gravity: The Metric Tensor
4 Tensor Calculus on Manifolds
4.1 Index Notation
4.2 Some Point Set Topology & Manifolds
4.3 Vectors, Tensors & Fields
4.4 The Lie Derivative
4.5 Exterior Algebra
4.6 Exterior Derivative
4.7 Orientation
4.8 Stoke’s Theorem
4.9 Riemannian Mainfolds
4.10 Covariant Differentiation
4.11 Geodesic Equation
4.12 Curvature
5 Lagrangian Field Theory
5.1 E&M
5.2 Energy Momentum Tensor
5.3 General Relativity
6 Black Hole Thermodynamics and Holographic Scaling
6.1 Black Holes
6.2 Killing Vectors and Horizons
6.3 Surface Element for Null Generators
6.4 The Laws of Black Hole Mechanics
6.5 Black Hole Thermodynaimcs
6.6 2D Holographic Representations of 4D Black Holes
6.7 On ADM Mass in General Relativity
6.8 4D ADM Mass and Holographic
6.9 Holographic Black Hole Thermodynamics
6.10 Concluding Remarks
A Gravitational Gauge Transformation as a Change in Coordinates
B Basic Group Theory
B.1 Homomorphisms & Isomorphisms
B.2 Automorphisms and Normal Subgroups
B.3 Normal Subgroups
B.4 Group Action
लेखक के बारे में
Leo Rodriguez received his Ph D in physics from The University of Iowa in 2011, after which he served as an HHMI postdoctoral research fellow at Grinnell College. He held subsequent faculty positions at Grinnell College and Assumption College, and rejoined the physics faculty at Grinnell College in the fall of 2018. His research interests focus on the thermodynamic properties of black holes, how they relate to quantum gravity and how they are encoded in dual conformal field theories.
Shanshan Rodriguez received her Ph D in physics from The University of Iowa in 2010. She subsequently joined NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center as a research engineer, and worked at the Detector System Branch until 2004, followed by a faculty position at Worcester Polytechnic Institute. In 2018 she joined the physics faculty at Grinnell College and has spent much time teaching physics and developing undergraduate courses/labs in astrophysics. Her research interests focus on numerical techniques and the implementation/optimization of computational tools in theoretical astrophysics.
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