The recognition of human rights may be said to be of modern growth, and even yet they are but very imperfectly understood. Liberty used to be regarded as a privilege bestowed, instead of as an inherent right; rights of classes have often been claimed: right to rule, right to tax, right to punish, all these have been argued for and maintained by force; but these are not rights, they are only wrongs veiled as legal rights. Jean Jacques Rousseau struck a new note when he cried: ‘;Men are born free;’ free by birthright was a new thought, when declared as a universal inheritance, and this ‘;gospel of Jean Jacques Rousseau’ dawned on the world as the sun-rising of a glorious daya day of human liberty, unrestrained by class. In 1789 the doctrine of the ‘;Rights of Man’ received its first European sanction by law; in the August of that year the National Assembly of France proclaimed: ‘;Men are born, and remain, free and equal in rights.
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