Amphetamines are a family of substituted phenethylamine compounds that achieve their neurochemical and behavioral effects by liberating vesicular biogenic amine stores. Classified as psychostimulants, these drugs are commonly misused and abused. This book presents current research in the study of the neurobiological mechanisms, and pharmacology effects of amphetamines. Topics discussed include the neurotoxicity of methamphetamine; amphetamine effects on cardiac, endocrine and gastrointestinal systems; amphetamine dependence sensitization and tolerance hypotheses and amphetamine effects on allergic lung inflammation, amphetamine withdrawal and schizophrenia.