Half of Indonesia’s massive population still lives on farms, and for these tens of millions of people the revolutionary promise of land reform remains largely unfulfilled. The Basic Agrarian Law, enacted in the wake of the Indonesian revolution, was supposed to provide access to land and equitable returns for peasant farmers. But fifty years later, the law’s objectives of social justice have not been achieved.
Land for the People provides a comprehensive look at land conflict and agrarian reform throughout Indonesia’s recent history, from the roots of land conflicts in the prerevolutionary period and the Sukarno and Suharto regimes, to the present day, in which democratization is creating new contexts for people’s claims to the land. Drawing on studies from across Indonesia’s diverse landscape, the contributors examine some of the most significant issues and events affecting land rights, including shifts in policy from the early postrevolutionary period to the New Order; the Land Administration Project that formed the core of land policy during the late New Order period; a long-running and representative dispute over a golf course in West Java that pitted numerous local farmers against the government and local elites; Suharto’s notorious “million hectare” project that resulted in loss of access to land and resources for numerous indigenous farmers in Kalimantan; and the struggle by Bandung’s urban poor to be treated equitably in the context of commercial land development. Together, these essays provide a critical resource for understanding one of Indonesia’s most pressing and most influential issues.
Contributors: Afrizal, Dianto Bachriadi, Anton Lucas, John Mc Carthy, John Mansford Prior, Gustaaf Reerink, Carol Warren, and Gunawan Wiradi.
Daftar Isi
- Acknowledgments
- Glossary
- Abbreviations
- Note on Legislative References
- One
The Land, the Law, and the People
ANTON LUCAS AND CAROL WARREN - Two
Land Concentration and Land Reform in Indonesia Interpreting Agricultural Census Data, 1963–2003
DIANTO BACHRIADI AND GUNAWAN WIRADI - Three
Indonesia’s Land Titling Program (LAP)— the Market Solution?
CAROL WARREN AND ANTON LUCAS - Four
The Cimacan Golf Course Dispute since the New Order
ANTON LUCAS - Five
Oil Palm Plantations, Customary Rights, and Local Protests
A West Sumatran Case Study
AFRIZAL - Six
Tenure and Transformation in Central Kalimantan After the “Million Hectare” Project
JOHN MCCARTHY - Seven
Land Disputes and the Church
Sobering Thoughts from Flores
JOHN MANSFORD PRIOR - Eight
Legal Certainty for Whom?
Land Contestation and Value Transformations at Gili Trawangan, Lombok
CAROL WARREN - Nine
Dealing with the Urban Poor
Changing Law and Practice of Commercial
Land Clearance in Post–New Order Bandung
GUSTAAF REERINK - Ten
The Agrarian Movement, Civil Society, and Emerging Political Constellations
DIANTO BACHRIADI, ANTON LUCAS, AND CAROL WARREN - Eleven
Agrarian Resources and Conflict in the Twenty-First Century
CAROL WARREN AND ANTON LUCAS - List of Contributors
- Index
Tentang Penulis
Carol Warren is the author of Adat and Dinas: Balinese Communities in the Indonesian State and coeditor, with John F. Mc Carthy, of Community, Environment and Local Governance in Indonesia.