Inc. SAGE Publications & Callie Marie Marie Rennison 
Introduction to Criminal Justice [EPUB ebook] 
Systems, Diversity, and Change

Preface
Thank You
About the Authors
Part I: Foundations
Chapter 1. An Introduction to Crime and the Criminal Justice System
Introduction: Making Our Way Through the Criminal Justice System
What Is the Criminal Justice System?
How Does the Criminal Justice System Work?
What Is Crime?
Crime Definitions Change Over Time
The Criminal Justice System: Purpose and Perspectives
Criminal Justice and Public Policy
Crime and the Media
Criminal Justice Versus Criminology
Chapter Wrap-Up
Key Points
Key Terms
Review Questions
Critical Thinking Matters
Chapter 2. The Nature and Extent of Crime
Introduction: Why and How Is Crime Measured?
FBI Measurement of Crime
Bureau of Justice Statistics Measurement of Crime
Violent and Property Crime Rates and Trends
Measuring Cybercrime, Terrorism, and White-Collar Crime
Fear and Risk of Victimization
Theory in Criminal Justice
Chapter Wrap-Up
Key Points
Key Terms
Review Questions
Critical Thinking Matters
Chapter 3. Criminal Justice and the Law
Introduction: The Development of Law
History of Law
The Role and Purpose of Law
Sources of Criminal Law
Types of Law
Legal Definitions
Criminal Defenses
Evolving Standards and Practices
The Rights of Victims
Chapter Wrap-Up
Key Points
Key Terms
Review Questions
Critical Thinking Matters
Part II: Law Enforcement
Chapter 4. The History of Policing
Introduction: Policing as a Dynamic Entity
Early English Policing
Colonial America and Policing
Advancing Professionalism in Policing: 20th-Century Reform
Diversity in Policing
Unrest in Policing (1960s and 1970s)
Chapter Wrap-Up
Key Points
Key Terms
Review Questions
Critical Thinking Matters
Chapter 5. On the Streets: Organization, Responsibilities, and Challenges
Introduction: Contemporary Policing
The Police Organization
The Police Role
Who Are the Police?
Community Policing
Intelligence-Led/Evidence-Based Policing
21st-Century Policing
Controversial Issues in Policing
Chapter Wrap-Up
Key Points
Key Terms
Review Questions
Critical Thinking Matters
Chapter 6. Police and the Rule of Law
Introduction: The Importance of Justice, Law, and Order
Police and the Courts
Due Process and Police Activities
Technology
Warrant Requirements and Serving Warrants
Custodial Interrogation
Chapter Wrap-Up
Key Points
Key Terms
Review Questions
Critical Thinking Matters
Part III: Courts
Chapter 7. The Courts and Judiciary
Introduction: The Court Process
Federal and State Court Systems
Court Congestion and the Consequences
Specialized and Problem-Solving Courts
The Judiciary
Diversity in the Judiciary
Court Administration and Management
Chapter Wrap-Up
Key Points
Key Terms
Review Questions
Critical Thinking Matters
Chapter 8. The Prosecution, Defense, and Pretrial Activities
Introduction: Actors and Procedures in the Courtroom
The Prosecutor
The Defense Attorney
After the Arrest: Charging the Defendant
Bail and Pretrial Events
Plea Bargains
Discovery, Motions, and Scheduling
Jury Selection
Diversity and Pretrial Events
Technology in the Courtroom
Chapter Wrap-Up
Key Points
Key Terms
Review Questions
Critical Thinking Matters
Chapter 9. The Criminal Trial and Sentencing
Introduction: The Criminal Trial and Sentencing
Reaching a Verdict
Sentencing
A Special Criminal Trial: Capital Cases
Victims of Crime and the Criminal Trial
Chapter Wrap-Up
Key Points
Key Terms
Review Questions
Critical Thinking Matters
Part IV: Corrections
Chapter 10. Correctional Responses in the Community
Introduction: Corrections in the Community
The History of Corrections in the Community in the United States
Contemporary Use of Corrections in the Community
Goals of Correctional Responses in the Community
Types of Correctional Responses in the Community
Effectiveness of Corrections in the Community
Probation Officers
Diversity in Community Corrections
Technology and Community Corrections
Chapter Wrap-Up
Key Points
Key Terms
Review Questions
Critical Thinking Matters
Chapter 11. Institutional Corrections
Introduction: Institutional Corrections
Historical Perspectives in Institutional Corrections
Current Perspectives in Institutional Corrections
Contemporary Jails and Lockups
Contemporary Prisons
Diversity in Jails and Prisons
Technology and Institutional Corrections
Chapter Wrap-Up
Key Points
Key Terms
Review Questions
Critical Thinking Matters
Chapter 12. Prison Life and Life After Prison
Introduction: Living in Prison
Classification Systems and Solitary Confinement
Prison Violence
Prison Challenges
Life After Prison: Parole and Reentry
Chapter Wrap-Up
Key Points
Key Terms
Review Questions
Critical Thinking Matters
Part V: Beyond The Basics
Chapter 13. The Juvenile Justice System
Introduction: The Juvenile Justice System
Juvenile Justice: A Brief History
Establishing Juvenile Rights
The Contemporary Juvenile Justice System
Steps in the Juvenile Justice System
Chapter Wrap-Up
Key Points
Key Terms
Review Questions
Critical Thinking Matters
Chapter 14. Exploring Specialized and Topical Issues
Introduction: Overview of Specialized and Topical Issues
Terrorism and Homeland Security
Domestic Human and Sex Trafficking
The #Me Too Movement
Hate Crimes and Bias-Motivated Crimes
Violence Against College Students
Forensic Science
CSI Effect
Chapter Wrap-Up
Key Points
Key Terms
Review Questions
Critical Thinking Matters
Appendix: The Bill of Rights
Glossary
Notes
Index

Mary Dodge earned her Ph D in 1997 in criminology, law, and society from the School of Social Ecology at the University of California, Irvine. She received her BA and MA in psychology from the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs. She is a full professor at the University of Colorado Denver in the School of Public Affairs. Her research articles have appeared in the American Journal of Criminal Justice, Women & Criminal Justice, Contemporary Issues in Criminology, the International Journal of the Sociology of Law, The Prison Journal, Police Quarterly, the Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, and the Encyclopedia of White-Collar and Corporate Crime. Her most recent articles explore public opinion and white-collar crime and misconduct by policewomen. She and Gilbert Geis coedited the book Lessons of Criminology and share authorship on the book Stealing Dreams: A Fertility Clinic Scandal. She is also the author of Women and White-Collar Crime. Her research and writing interests include women in the criminal justice system, white-collar crime, policing, prostitution, and courts. Mary was the 2007 recipient of the campuswide University of Colorado Denver Excellence in Teaching Award. She received the School of Public Affairs Teaching Award in 2001, 2005, and 2006 and the Research and Creative Activities Award in 2002 and 2004. In 2011, she received the School of Public Affairs and University of Colorado’s awards for excellence in service. Her research often involves collaboration with local and national police departments and law enforcement agencies.