A thousand years before Isaac Asimov set down his Three Laws of Robotics, real and imagined automata appeared in European courts, liturgies, and literary texts. Medieval robots took such forms as talking statues, mechanical animals, and silent metal guardians; some served to entertain or instruct while others performed disciplinary or surveillance functions. Variously ascribed to artisanal genius, inexplicable cosmic forces, or demonic powers, these marvelous fabrications raised fundamental questions about knowledge, nature, and divine purpose in the Middle Ages.
Medieval Robots recovers the forgotten history of fantastical, aspirational, and terrifying machines that captivated Europe in imagination and reality between the ninth and fourteenth centuries. E. R. Truitt traces the different forms of self-moving or self-sustaining manufactured objects from their earliest appearances in the Latin West through centuries of mechanical and literary invention. Chronicled in romances and song as well as histories and encyclopedias, medieval automata were powerful cultural objects that probed the limits of natural philosophy, illuminated and challenged definitions of life and death, and epitomized the transformative and threatening potential of foreign knowledge and culture. This original and wide-ranging study reveals the convergence of science, technology, and imagination in medieval culture and demonstrates the striking similarities between medieval and modern robotic and cybernetic visions.
Daftar Isi
List of Abbreviations
Introduction. The Persistence of Robots: An Archaeology of Automata
Chapter 1. Rare Devices: Geography and Technology
Chapter 2. Between Art and Nature: Natura artifex, Neoplatonism, and Literary Automata
Chapter 3. Talking Heads: Astral Science, Divination, and Legends of Medieval Philosophers
Chapter 4. The Quick and the Dead: Automata, Memorial Statues, and Corpses
Chapter 5. From Texts to Technology: Mechanical Marvels in Courtly and Public Pageantry
Chapter 6. The Clockwork Universe: Keeping Sacred and Secular Time
Notes
Bibliography
Index
Acknowledgments
Tentang Penulis
E. R. Truitt is Associate Professor of History and Sociology of Science at the University of Pennsylvania.
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