Atmospheric pollution has many different detrimental impacts on air quality at urban, regional and global scales. Large volume photoreactors (often referred to as smog or simulation chambers) have been used very effectively to investigate and understand many varied aspects of atmospheric chemistry related to air pollution problems. Photochemical smog formation, which was first observed around 1945 in Los Angeles, is now a major environmental problem for all industrialised and densely populated regions of the world. Over the years many different modelling and experimental tools have been developed to analyse and simulate the complex chemical processes associated with tropspheric photooxidant formation. Work in environmental chambers has played a key role in the development of our understanding of the atmospheric chemistry associated with pollution problems on local, regional and global scales. Chamber observations have also been used in connection with environmental policy issues. In general they are used for validation of atmospheric chemical models, studies of chemical reaction mechanisms and as a direct means to test the possible impact of specific chemical compounds on air quality under simulated ambient conditions New large smog chamber installations have been recently developed in the US (Riverside, California), Europe (Jülich, Germany) and Japan, and a large number of smaller scale laboratory chambers are in operation around the world. Over the years there have been numerous new technical developments related to environmental chamber facilities such as the design of the chambers (e. g.
Daftar Isi
Overview on the Development of Chambers for the Study of Atmospheric Chemical Processes.- The UCR EPA Environmental Chamber.- Investigations of Secondary Organic Aerosol in the UCR EPA Environmental Chamber.- Field Measurement and Modelling Motivated Design of a Programme of Aerosol Chamber Experiments.- Chamber Simulations of Cloud Chemistry: The AIDA Chamber.- New On-line Mass Spectrometer for Identification of Reaction Products in the Aqueous Phase: Application to the OH-oxidation of N-methylpyrrolidone under Atmospheric Conditions.- Dynamic Chamber System to Measure Gaseous Compounds Emissions and Atmospheric-Biospheric Interactions.- Chamber Studies on the Photolysis of Aldehydes Environmental.- Determination of Photolysis Frequencies for Selected Carbonyl Compounds in the EUPHORE Chamber Environmental.- Remote Sensing of Glyoxal by Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS): Advancements in Simulation Chamber and Field Experiments.- Aromatic Hydrocarbon Oxidation: The Contribution of Chamber Oxidation Studies.- FT-IR Kinetic Study on the Gas-Phase Reactions of the OH Radical with a Series of Nitroaromatic Compounds.- Atmospheric Fate of Unsaturated Ethers.- Atmospheric Oxidation of the Chlorinated Solvents, 1, 1, 1-Trichloroethane, Trichloroethene and Tetrachloroethene.- Simulation Chamber Study of the Oxidation of Acetic Acid by OH Radicals: Detection of Reaction Products by CW-CRDS in the Near-Infrared Range.- Kinetics, Products and Mechanism of O(3P) Atom Reactions with Alkyl Iodides.- Kinetics of the Reaction between CF2O and CH3OH.- New Kinetic and Spectroscopic Measurements in the CF3Ox + NOx System.- Kinetic Study of the Temperature Dependence of the OH Initiated Oxidation of Dimethyl Sulphide.- Environmental Chamber Studies of Ozone Formation Potentials of Volatile Organic Compounds.- Evaluation of the Detailed Tropospheric Chemical Mechanism, MCM v3, Using Environmental Chamber Data: Butane and Its Degradation Products.- Studies on Nitrate-Affected SO2 Oxidation and Their Perspectives.- Heterogeneous and Aqueous-Phase Transformations of Isoprene.- Investigation of Atmospheric Transformations of Diesel Emissions in the European Photoreactor (EUPHORE).- Investigation of Real Car Exhaust in Environmental Simulation Chambers: Results from the INFORMATEX and DIFUSO Projects.- The EUROCHAMP Integrated Infrastructure Initiative Environmental.- Survey on Atmospheric Chemistry Research in Some New EU Member States and Candidate Countries.- New Measurements of NMVOC Concentrations in the City Air of Wuppertal, Germany: Input Data for Chemical Mass Balance Modelling.- Surface and Total Ozone Over Bulgaria.- Heavy Metals Pollution: An Everlasting Problem.- Atmospheric Wet Deposition Monitoring in Iasi, Romania.- Problems of Air Quality in Tashkent City.- Precipitation Quality in Different Zones of the Tashkent Region in Relation to Photo-Chemical Reactions.- Influence of Atmospheric Aerosol Contamination on the Regional Climate in Central Asia.- Assessment of Air Pollution and Ecosystem Buffer Capacity in the Industrial Regions of Ukraine.- Two Neural Network Methods in Estimation of Air Pollution Time Series.
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