Penulis: James Harrington

James Harrington (1611–1677) was an eminent English political philosopher famed for his influential work “The Commonwealth of Oceana, ” published in 1656. Educated at the University of Oxford, Harrington developed ideas that reflected the political unrest of his times. “The Commonwealth of Oceana” is a notable work in the history of political thought for its detailed depiction of an idealized republic. Drawing from classical sources and contemporary experiences of governance, particularly the English Civil War, Harrington proposed a constitutional republic where power rested on land ownership and was balanced between the Senate and the People. Pioneering the concept of political balance and the circulation of power, Harrington”s ideas prefigured later debates on constitutional design. His advocacy for agrarian laws and rotation in office influenced American founding fathers. Although his works were not recognized widely during his lifetime, posthumously, they have garnered appreciation for their contribution to republican thought. Harrington”s work is characterized by a utopian approach, focusing on rational order and balance, and has been a point of reference for scholars interested in early modern democratic theories and practices. Despite a relatively small oeuvre, Harrington”s “The Commonwealth of Oceana” stands as a seminal text in the canon of political philosophy, reflecting the intellectual landscape of 17th-century England and the perennial quest for an ideal society.