Your key to understanding how formative assessment improves learning!
High-stakes tests and end-of-year assessments dominate educational planning and curriculum. Yet, formative assessments are proven to have the most impact on day-to-day learning.
Teachers who understand how to use assessment to spark learning unlock a powerful educational tool, and Assessment as Learning can show you how. Using clear explanations and poignant cases, this book illustrates how formative assessment can be used to understand student beliefs, inform classroom instruction, and encourage student reflection. Fully revised, this second edition features
- Discussion of the complex nature of learning
- Ways to use formative assessment in a variety of contexts
- Real-life examples and case studies of assessment in action
- Sample rubrics and lesson plans for easy implementation
- Ideas for Follow-up at the end of each chapter
- Insights into common classroom dilemmas along with viable solutions
Unraveling the mystery of formative assessment, this resource reveals how this teaching technique optimizes learning.
‘Lorna Earl is an international thought leader when it comes to linking quality assessment to teaching, learning and student success.’
—Rick Stiggins, Author and Consultant
‘Earl begins at the beginning, focusing on assessing what students believe is true and using assessment information to help students develop and extend learning from those initial beliefs. Readers should do likewise, asking themselves what they believe is true about assessment and then extending their learning with this book.’
—Susan M. Brookhart, Consultant
Brookhart Enterprises
Daftar Isi
About the Author
Acknowledgments
1. The Promise and the Challenge of Classroom Assessment
Why This Book?
How the Educational World has Changed
The Power of Classroom Assessment
What is This Book About?
The Case of ‘Understanding Learning and Assessment’
Using This Book
Ideas for Follow Up
2. Situating Assessment Changes
A Brief History of Assessment
Looking for Change in all the Wrong Places
Rethinking Assessment for Real Change
Purpose is Everything
Classroom Assessment and Large-Scale Reform
Taking Up the Challenge
Ideas for Follow Up
3. Assessment of Learning, for Learning, and as Learning
Assessment of Learning
Assessment for Learning
Assessment as Learning
Getting the Balance Right
Ideas for Follow Up
4. Spotlight on Learning
Learning Makes Us Human
How People Learn
Learning for Understanding
Learning is Hard Work
Learning Happens in Context
Ideas for Follow Up
5. Assessment and Learning
How Does Classroom Assessment Contribute to Learning?
Assessment as an Integral part of Teaching and Learning
Realizing the Power of Assessment to Optimize Learning
Ideas for Follow Up
6. Using Assessment to Identify What They ‘Believe to Be True’
‘The Case of the Pool Table’
Start With What They Believe to be True
‘The Case of the Blog’
Ideas for Follow Up
7. Using Assessment to Motivate Learning
Assessment That Motivates
Relevant Assessment
Imaginative Assessment
Assessment that Scaffolds Learning
‘The Case of Othello’
Assessment to Reverse Socialization
Ideas for Follow Up
8. Using Assessment to Make Connections
Curriculum as Visible Targets for Learning
Plan Learning, Plan Assessment, and Expect the Unexpected
‘The Case of Planned Literacy’
Differentiation
Ideas for Follow Up
9. Using Assessment to Extend Learning
Feedback for Learning
Rubrics and Exemplars as Tools
‘The Case of the Brass Band’
Ideas, Connections, and Extensions (ICE)
Ideas for Follow Up
10. Using Assessment for Reflection and Self-Regulation
‘The Case of Jojo’
Students as Their Own Best Assessors
Developing Self-Regulating Habits of Mind
‘The Case of Choices’
Ideas for Follow Up
11. Getting to Assessment for Optimum Learning
It′s About Learning, and It′s About Time
Getting to the Spirit of AFL Requires Conceptual Change
Think About What You Believe to be True
Learn About Learning
Know Your Subject
Be an Expert Teacher
Work Together in Collaborative Inquiry
Don′t Give Up, But be Gentile With Yourself
Self-Regulation for You Too
Get the Support You Need
Put it All Together
References
Index
Tentang Penulis
Lorna M. Earl is a director of Aporia Consulting Ltd. and a retired associate professor from the Department of Theory and Policy Studies at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education of the University of Toronto. She was the first director of assessment for the Ontario Education Quality and Accountability Office, and she as been a researcher and research director in school districts for over 20 years. Throughout her career, Earl has concentrated her efforts on policy and program evaluations as a vehicle to enhance learning for pupils and for organizations. She has done extensive work in the areas of literacy and the middle years, but has concentrated her efforts on issues related to evaluation of large-scale reform and assessment (large-scale and classroom) in many venues around the world. She has worked extensively in schools and school boards, and has been involved in consultation, research, and staff development with teachers′ organizations, ministries of education, school districts, and charitable foundations. Earl holds a doctorate in epidemiology and biostatistics, as well as degrees in education and psychology.
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