Martin Sauter 
3G, 4G and Beyond [EPUB ebook] 
Bringing Networks, Devices and the Web Together

Preface xi
1 Evolution from 2G over 3G to 4G 1
1.1 First Half of the 1990s–Voice-Centric Communication
1
1.2 Between 1995 and 2000: The Rise of Mobility and the Internet
1
1.3 Between 2000 and 2005: Dot Com Burst, Web 2.0, Mobile
Internet 2
1.4 Between 2005 and 2010: Global Coverage, Fixed Line Vo IP, and
Mobile Broadband 4
1.5 2010 and Beyond 5
1.6 All over IP in Mobile–The Biggest Challenge 6
1.7 Summary 6
2 Beyond 3G Network Architectures 9
2.1 Overview 9
2.2 UMTS, HSPA, and HSPA+ 10
2.3 LTE 43
2.4 802.11 Wi-Fi 74
3 Network Capacity and Usage Scenarios 95
3.1 Usage in Developed Markets and Emerging Economies 95
3.2 How to Control Mobile Usage 96
3.3 Measuring Mobile Usage from a Financial Point of View 99
3.4 Cell Capacity in Downlink 100
3.5 Current and Future Frequency Bands for Cellular Wireless
105
3.6 Cell Capacity in Uplink 106
3.7 Per-User Throughput in Downlink 109
3.8 Per-User Throughput in Uplink 114
3.9 Traffic Estimation Per User 116
3.10 Overall Wireless Network Capacity 117
3.11 Network Capacity for Train Routes, Highways, and Remote
Areas 124
3.12 When will GSM be Switched Off? 125
3.13 Cellular Network Vo IP Capacity 127
3.14 Wi-Fi Vo IP Capacity 130
3.15 Wi-Fi and Interference 132
3.16 Wi-Fi Capacity in Combination with DSL, Cable, and Fiber
134
3.17 Backhaul for Wireless Networks 138
3.18 A Hybrid Cellular/Wi-Fi Network Today and in the Future
143
4 Voice over Wireless 149
4.1 Circuit-Switched Mobile Voice Telephony 150
4.2 Packet-Switched Voice Telephony 153
4.3 SIP Telephony over Fixed and Wireless Networks 157
4.4 Voice and Related Applications over IMS 169
4.5 Voice over DSL and Cable with Femtocells 223
4.6 Unlicensed Mobile Access and Generic Access Network 228
4.7 Network Operator Deployed Voice over IP Alternatives 231
4.8 Over-the-Top (OTT) Voice over IP Alternatives 236
4.9 Which Voice Technology will Reign in the Future? 237
5 Evolution of Mobile Devices and Operating Systems
241
5.1 Introduction 241
5.2 The System Architecture for Voice-Optimized Devices 246
5.3 The System Architecture for Multimedia Devices 248
5.4 Mobile Graphics Acceleration 253
5.5 Hardware Evolution 256
5.6 Multimode, Multifrequency Terminals 273
5.7 Wireless Notebook Connectivity 276
5.8 Impact of Hardware Evolution on Future Data Traffic 277
5.9 Power Consumption and User Interface as the Dividing Line in
Mobile Device Evolution 279
5.10 Feature Phone Operating Systems 280
5.11 Smartphone Operating Systems 282
5.12 Operating System Tasks 288
6 Mobile Web 2.0, Apps, and Owners 297
6.1 Overview 297
6.2 (Mobile) Web 1.0–How Everything Started 298
6.3 Web 2.0–Empowering the User 299
6.4 Web 2.0 from the User’s Point of View 299
6.5 The Ideas behind Web 2.0 306
6.6 Discovering the Fabrics of Web 2.0 310
6.7 Mobile Web 2.0–Evolution and Revolution of Web 2.0
321
6.8 (Mobile) Web 2.0 and Privacy and Security Considerations
334
6.9 Mobile Apps 340
6.10 Android App Programing Introduction 342
6.11 Impact of Mobile Apps on Networks and Power Consumption
349
6.12 Mobile Apps Security and Privacy Considerations 351
6.13 Summary 354
7 Conclusion 357
Index 361

Martin Sauter works in the telecommunication industry as a
thought leader, researcher, book author and blogger and is based in
Cologne. His interests are focused on mobile communication
networks, multimedia applications and especially the wireless
Internet.