Mi RNA is an extremely fast growing field, and mi RNA knowledge is now believed to be a pivotal element of cancer biology. It is already evident that the discovery of mi RNA has created a paradigm shift in post-genomics biology, not only for scientists accustomed to traditional central dogma of molecular biology but also for researchers studying human diseases and accustomed to traditional genetics approach of studying one gene at the time. This book provides an introduction to the basic principles of mi RNA biology, overview of mi RNA significance in the hallmarks of cancer, experimental techniques used in mi RNA research, and in special part – mi RNAs importance in wide range of solid cancers with a special focus on its potential usage in molecular pathology, predictive oncology or as a novel therapeutic targets.