Paul V. M. Flesher & Bruce D. Chilton 
The Targums [PDF ebook] 
A Critical Introduction

Preface

Acknowledgments

List of Abbreviations

Section I: Getting Started

1 Introduction

2 Defining Targum

3 The Seven Rules of Targum

4 Rabbinic Literature

Section II: The Pentateuchal Targums

5 Pentateuchal Targums: The Basics

6 Sources of the Palestinian Targums

7 Targum Onqelos and the Targums of Israel

8 The Pentateuchal Targums in Rabbinic Literature

9 Dating the Targums of Israel

Section III: The Targums of the Prophets and the Writings

10 Targum Jonathan of the Prophets: Its Development as Revealed by the Targum of Isaiah

11 Targum Jonathan: Former and Latter Prophets

12 Targums to the Writings

Section IV: The Targums in Late-Antique Judaism

13 Aramaic in Judaism

14 Targums and Translation in the History of Rabbinic Literature

15 Targum as Scripture and Hidden Interpretation

16 Ancient Scripture Translations

Section V: The Targums and Early Christianity

17 Comparing the Targums and the New Testament

18 The Aramaic Retroversion of Jesus Sayings

19 The Fourth Gospel and Targumic Memra

Section VI: Conclusions and Prospects

20 Genesis 22 in the Targumim and in Early Jewish and Christian Interpretation

21 Targums in the Rabbinic World and Beyond

Appendix A: The Parallel Expansions of Genesis 28–50

Appendix B: A Guide to Babylonian Pointing

Glossary

Bibliography

Index

Paul V. M. Flesher is Associate Professor of Religious Studies and Director of the Religious Studies Program at the University of Wyoming. Flesher helped establish the International Organization for Targumic Study and is the founding editor of Studies in the Aramaic Interpretation of Scripture. He lives in Laramie, Wyoming.
Bruce Chilton is Bernard Iddings Bell Professor of Religion at Bard College in Annandale, New York. His previous books include The Glory of Israel, Targumic Approaches to the Gospels, and A Galilean Rabbi and His Bible.