Penulis: Pedro Tavares de Almeida

António Costa Pinto is Research Professor at the Institute of Social Sciences, University of Lisbon, Portugal. He has published on authoritarianism, political elites, democratization and transitional justice. He co-edited Who Governs Southern Europe? Regime Change and Ministerial Recruitment, 1850-2000 (2003; first reprint, 2012) and Dealing with the Legacy of Authoritarianism: The “Politics of the Past” in Southern European Democracies (2013) (with L. Morlino). Maurizio Cotta is Professor of Political Science at the University of Siena, Italy. His research interests include the comparative study of political elites, political institutions and Italian politics. He has co-edited and co-authored many books, namely Parliamentary Representatives in Europe (2000), Democratic Representation: Diversity, Change and Convergence (2007), and Political Institutions of Italy (2007) (with L. Verzichelli). Pedro Tavares de Almeidais Professor of Political Science at NOVA University of Lisbon, Portugal. His research interests focus on elite recruitment, elections and political representation. He has co-edited Who Governs Southern Europe? Regime Change and Ministerial Recruitment, 1850-2000 (2003; first reprint, 2012), Perspectives of National Elites on European Citizenship (2012) and The Politics of Representation: Elections and Parliamentarism in Portugal and Spain, 1875-1926 (2017).