This book is a critical analysis of the programs till now on all aspects of Animal Husbandry in India starting from the evolution of different livestock species, their domestication and improvement through selection and management to evolve the breeds a s they exist and function for the best benefit of their keepers and the nation. Livestock keeper is the master and must be considered as honored client by the professionals engaged in research and education, transfer of technology. The R&D in livestock should aim at improvement of production and productivity to an optimum level given the necessary conditions of production viz. (i) nutrition, (ii) disease situation, its control and eradication measures, (iii) processing and marketing, infrastructure available and (iv) social, economic and cultural aspects of livestock keepers and consumers and their considerations in formulation of livestock improvement programs. The book would be of great use to under-graduate, post-graduate students, teachers and scientists in Animal Science, Dairy Science and Veterinary Science as it critically analyze the present situation of livestock research, education and extension and the future programs for sustainable livestock production.