Penulis: Theofilopoulos

Autoimmunity is one of the most highly investigated areas of immunologic research. The principle of immune system discrimination between self and foreign molecules is fundamental to the survival of t …

The clinical management of autoimmune diseases has proven to be extremely difficult. Current therapies focus on trying to alleviate symptoms, but fail to correct the fundamental immune defects that l …

Rheumatoid arthritis is a crippling disease, affecting individuals in the prime of their life. This disease is emerging as a paradigm for complex autoimmune syndromes in which multiple genetic risk d …

Type 1 diabetes as well as multiple sclerosis are thought to be T cell mediated autoimmune diseases that involve a detrimental action of inflammatory cytokines and autoaggressive T lymphocytes. They …

An immensely complex network of interactions between multiple cell types and cytokines regulates the immune system. Ligand binding to antigen-specific, Fc, or cytokine receptors initiates differentia …

B cells play a central role not only in adaptive immunity, but also in autoimmunity. To understand how B cells are normally prevented from reacting to self-tissue, what goes wrong in autoimmunity, an …

Complement protein expression and activation control central aspects of the normal B cell response. Imbalances in these processes invariably lead to autoimmune disease. Complement activation causes t …

The understanding of B cell biology has increased and expanded enormously in the last three decades. It is now known that B cells, in addition to just differentiating into antibody-secreting cells, s …

Over the last 15 years, apoptosis has become a dominant focus of medical research in the field of immunology. This publication discusses the three major areas of apoptosis research: extrinsic death r …

The skin, being the largest organ of the body, is constantly attacked by a diverse array of pathogenic agents including bacteria, viruses and fungi; it also suffers from solar damage and wide fluctua …

TNF is a multifunctional proinflammatory cytokine central to the development and homeostasis of the immune system and a regulator of cell activation, differentiation and death. Recent decades have se …