This handbook provides a global study of the classification of mixed race and ethnicity at the state level, bringing together a diverse range of country case studies from around the world.
The classification of race and ethnicity by the state is a common way to organize and make sense of populations in many countries, from the national census and birth and death records, to identity cards and household surveys. As populations have grown, diversified, and become increasingly transnational and mobile, single and mutually exclusive categories struggle to adequately capture the complexity of identities and heritages in multicultural societies. State motivations for classification vary widely, and have shifted over time, ranging from subjugation and exclusion to remediation and addressing inequalities. The chapters in this handbook illustrate how differing histories and contemporary realities have led states to count and classify mixedness in different ways, for different reasons.
This collection will serve as a key reference point on the international classification of mixed race and ethnicity for students and scholars across sociology, ethnic and racial studies, and public policy, as well as policy makers and practitioners.
Daftar Isi
Chapter 1. Introduction: Measuring Mixedness Around the World; Zarine L. Rocha and Peter J. Aspinall.- Chapter 2. Race and Ethnicity Classification in British Colonial and Early Commonwealth Censuses; Anthony J. Christopher.- Part 1: The Americas.- Chapter 3. Introduction: North and South America; Peter J. Aspinall and Zarine L. Rocha.- Chapter 4. The Canadian Census and Mixed Race: Tracking Mixed Race through Ancestry, Visible Minority Status, and Métis Population Groups in Canada; Danielle Kwan-Lanfond and Shannon Winterstein.- Chapter 5. Methods of Measuring Multiracial Americans; Melissa R. Herman.- Chapter 6. Mixed Race in Brazil: Classification, Quantification, and Identification; G. Reginald Daniel and Rafael J. Hernández.- Chapter 7: Mexico: Creating Mixed Ethnicity Citizens for the Mestizo Nation; Pablo Mateos.- Chapter 8. Boundless Heterogeneity: ‘Callaloo’ Complexity and the Measurement of Mixedness in Trinidad and Tobago; Sue Ann Barratt.- Chapter 9. Mixed Race in Argentina: Concealing Mixture in the ‘White’ Nation; Lea Natalia Geler and Mariela Eva Rodríguez.- Chapter 10. Colombia: The Meaning and Measuring of Mixedness; Peter Wade.- Part 2: Europe and the UK.- Chapter 11. Introduction: Europe and the United Kingdom; Peter J. Aspinall and Zarine L. Rocha.- Chapter 12. The Path to Official Recognition of ‘Mixedness’ in the United Kingdom.- Peter J. Aspinall. -Chapter 13. Measuring Mixedness in Ireland: Constructing Sameness and Difference; Elaine Moriarty.- Chapter 14. The Identification of Mixed People in France: National Myth and Recognition of Family Migration Paths; Anne Unterreiner.- Chapter 15. Controversial Approaches to Measuring Mixed Race in Belgium: The (In)visibility of Mixed Race Population; Laura Odasso.- Chapter 16. The Weight of German History: Racial Blindness and Identification of People with a Migration Background; Anne Unterreiner.- Chapter 17. Mixed, Merged and Split Ethnic Identities in the Russian Federation; Sergei V. Sokolovskiy.- Chapter 18. Mixedness as a Non-existent Category in Slovenia; Mateja Sedmak.- Chapter 19. Mixed Identities in Italy: A Country in Denial; Angelica Pesarini and Guido Tintori.- Chapter 20. (Not) Measuring Mixedness in the Netherlands; Guno Jones and Bettyde Hart.- Chapter 21. Mixed Race and Ethnicity in Sweden: A Sociological Analysis; Ioanna Blasko and Nikolay Zakharov.- Part 3: Africa, the Middle East and Central Asia and the Caucasus - Chapter 22. Introduction: Africa, the Middle East, and Central Asia and the Caucasus; Zarine. L. Rocha and Peter J. Aspinall.- Chapter 23. The Classification of South Africa’s Mixed- Heritage Peoples 1910–2011: A Century of Conflation, Contradiction, Containment, and Contention: George T. H. Ellison and Thea de Wet. – Chapter 24. The Immeasurability of Racial and Mixed Identities in Mauritius; Rosabelle Boswell.- Chapter 25. Neithor/Nor: The Complex Attachments of Zimbabwe’s Coloureds; Kelly M. Nims.- Chapter 26. Measuring Mixedness in Zambia: Creating and Erasing Coloureds in Zambia’s Colonial and Post-Conolonial Census, 1921-2010; Juliette Milner-Thornton.- Chapter 27. Racialand Ethnic Mobilization and Classification in Kenya; Babere Kerata Chacha, Wanjiku Chiuri and Kenneth O. Nyangena.- Chapter 28. Making the Invisible Visible: Experiences of Mixedness for Binational People in Morocco; Gwendolyn Gilliéron.- Chapter 29. Measuring Mixedness: A Case Study of the Kyrgyz Republic; Asel Myrzabekova.- Part 4: Asia and the Pacific .- Chapter 30. Introduction: The Asia Pacific Region; Zarine L. Rocha and Peter J. Aspinall.- Chapter 31. Where You Feel You Belong: Classifying Ethnicity and Mixedness in New Zealand; Robert Didham and Zarine L. Rocha.- Chapter 32. Measuring Mixedness in Australia; Farida Fozdar and Catriona Sevens.- Chapter 33. Measuring Race, Mixed Race and Multiracialism in Singapore; Zarine L. Rocha and Brenda S.A. Yeoh.- Chapter 34. Multiracial in Malaysia: Categories, Classification and ‘Campur’ in Contemporary Everyday Life; Geetha Reddy and Hema Preya Selvanathan.- Chapter 35. Anglo-Indians in Colonial India: Historical Demography, Categorization and Identity; Uther Charlton-Stephens.- Chapter 36. Mixed Racial and Ethnic Classification in the Philippines; Megumi Hara and Jocelyn O. Celero.- Chapter 37. Vaevaeina o le toloa (counting the toloa): Counting Mixed Ethnicity in the Pacific, 1975-2014; Patrick Broman, Polly Atatoa Carr and Byron Malaela Sotiata Seiuli.- Chapter 38. Measuring Mixed Race: ‘We the Half-castes of Papua and New Guinea’; Kirsten Mc Gavin.- Chapter 39. Measuring Mixedness in China: A Study in Four Parts; Cathryn H. Clayton.- Chapter 40. Belonging Across Religion, Race, and Nation in Burma-Myanmar; Chie Ikeya.-Chapter 41. Recognition of Multiracial and Multiethnic Japanese: Historical Trends, Classification and Ways Forward; Sayaka Osanami Törngren and Hyoue Okamura.
Tentang Penulis
Zarine L. Rocha is Managing Editor of Current Sociology and the Asian Journal of Social Science. She specializes in issues of mixed race/mixed ethnic identity, narratives of belonging, multiculturalism, diversity and social conflict in Asia and the Pacific, and has published a number of books and articles on mixedness around the world.
Peter J. Aspinall is Emeritus Reader at the University of Kent, UK. His publications include around 80 papers on race and ethnicity and several jointly-authored books, including Mixed Race Identities (2013) and Mixed Race Britain in the Twentieth Century (2018). He was ONS National Convenor for the ethnicity question in the ONS 2001 Census Development Programme.
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