Neurodegeneration is the umbrella term for the progressive loss of structure or function of neurons, including the death of neurons. Many neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and Huntington’s occur as a result of neurodegenerative processes. This book presents current research in the study of neurodegeneration, including oxidative stress-mediated neurodegeneration; preserving motoneuron viability and function during disease or after traumatic injury; research in aspects of excitotoxicity mechanisms; uncoupling proteins as therapeutic targets in stroke and neurodegenerative diseases; the genetics and molecular biology of Alzheimer’s Disease; and retinal neurodegeneration in diabetic retinopathy.