Gene E. Likens & Thomas C. Winter 
Mirror Lake [PDF ebook] 
Interactions among Air, Land, and Water

Lakes change constantly in response to their surrounding landscape, and their airshed. Mirror Lake, located in the White Mountains of New Hampshire, has been carefully researched since the 1960s. This book, edited by Thomas C. Winter and Gene E. Likens, summarizes and interprets the extensive data collected on this lake and its watershed from 1981 to 2000, a period during which the lake was affected by a variety of climate conditions as well as significant human activity. The findings documented also identify the panoply of chemicals influenced by limnological processes and include percentages of inflow sources, percentages of water loss from seepage, surface outflow, and evaporation, and the effect of water flow on the lake nutrients.

Tabella dei contenuti

Preface and Acknowledgments xv


1. A Limnological Introduction to Mirror Lake 1

Gene E. Likens


Limnological History of the Lake 4

The Lake Today 5

This Book 13

Tables 15

References 19


2. Hydrologic Processes and the Water Budget 23

Donald O. Rosenberry and Thomas C. Winter


Hydrogeologic Setting 24

Hydrologic Processes 27

Methods of Determining Water Budget Components 31

Results 44

Tables 65

References 67


3. Nutrient Dynamics 69

Donald C. Buso, Gene E. Likens, James W. La Baugh,

and Darren Bade


Research Methods 71

Research Results 83

Considerations 128

Conclusions 152

Tables 155

References 201


4. Evaluation of Methods and Uncertainties in the

Water Budget 205

Thomas C. Winter and Donald O. Rosenberry


Water Storage in the Lake 205

Precipitation 206

Evaporation 207

Surface Water 208

Groundwater 211

Tables 221

References 223


5. Evaluation of Methods and Uncertainties in the

Chemical Budget 225

James W. La Baugh, Donald C. Buso, and Gene E. Likens


Uncertainty in the Water Budgets Used to Determine

Chemical Budgets 226

Uncertainties in Chemical Analyses 229

Uncertainties in Sample Collection 230

Alternate Approaches to Determining

Chemical Budgets 236

The Relation of Uncertainties to Hypotheses 246

The Relation of Water and Solute Budgets to Lake

Concentrations 257

Uncertainty in Perspective 262

Tables 264

References 295


6. Mirror Lake: Past, Present, and Future 299

Gene E. Likens and James W. La Baugh


Historical Change 300

Hydrological and Biogeochemical Fluxes 303

Management Considerations 306

Cultural Eutrophication 310

The Future 314

References 320


7. Summary and Conclusions 327

Thomas C. Winter and Gene E. Likens


Index 333

Circa l’autore

Thomas C. Winter is a senior research hydrologist with the U.S. Geological Survey. Gene E. Likens is the Director and President of the Institute of Ecosystem Studies in Millbrook, NY.