Joel E Cutcher-Gershenfeld & Robert B. McKersie McKersie 
Pathways to Change [PDF ebook] 

The authors identify and analyze the strategies for change and techniques most often used in today’s labor negotiations. Nearly gone, they say, is the traditional "arms length" approach used by negotiators in the past. Instead, modern collective bargaining is characterized mainly by divergent strategies the authors characterize as either "forcing" (highly contentious) or "fostering" (highly cooperative). A dozen detailed case studies from a variety of industries are presented that show when, why and how these strategies are used, by whom, and to what result. These cases clearly demonstrate the use of both forcing and fostering strategies, as well as their combined and sequential uses. Cutcher-Gershenfeld, Mc Kersie and Walton also provide analyses which clarify the reasons for the success or failure of approaches used in each case. And there is a highly useful discussion of eight relevant environmental factors that influence how negotiated changes unfold.