Examining the eating patterns of the U.S. population is a key factor to improving our understanding of the determinants of Americans’ nutrition and health. Analyzing the time Americans spend in various activities, and in particular food-related activities, may provide some insight into why nutrition and health outcomes vary over time and across different segments of the population. A better understanding of these factors could improve programs and policies targeted at reducing obesity and improving overall nutrition. This book examines select research on American’s food choices, with a focus on how Americans rate their diet quality; new food choices free of trans fats; and the taxing of caloric sweetened beverages and its potential effect on beverage consumption, calorie intake and obesity.