Paul Henri Thiry, baron d’ Holbach 
Superstition In All Ages (1732) [EPUB ebook] 
Common Sense

Paul Henri Thiry, Baron d’Holbach (1723-1789), was a Franco-German philosopher and an eminent figure of the French Enlightenment who wrote under the pseudonym Jean Meslier. D’Holbach is often remembered for his outspoken atheism and for his works that critiqued religion and advocated for a materialistic view of the universe. Born in Heidelberg, Palatinate on December 8, 1723, d’Holbach later moved to Paris, where he became an integral member of the intellectual salons that were at the heart of Enlightenment thought. He was an encyclopedist and a generous patron to many other Enlightenment figures such as Denis Diderot. D’Holbach’s ‘Superstition In All Ages’ (1732) is one of his most notable works. Often published under the pseudonym Jean Meslier, this book articulates a critical examination of religion and its impact on society, contending that superstition is an impediment to human progress. D’Holbach’s literary style is characterized by a clear, rigorous exposition of his philosophical ideas, which was instrumental in spreading radical materialist and atheist thought in the 18th century. Alongside ‘Superstition In All Ages’, d’Holbach wrote several other works, including ‘System of Nature’ (1770) and ‘The Social System’ (1773), which further develop his philosophical and moral ideas. These works cemented his reputation as one of the boldest thinkers of his time, challenging established religious and moral norms. D’Holbach’s contributions to literature and philosophy sparked debate during his lifetime and influenced future thinkers and critics of religion.