In this book, the link between the modifiable risk factors of neurodegenerative diseases and chronic neuroinflammation are examined, thus highlighting that controlling risk factors is a valid approach for managing neurodegnerative diseases in which neuroinflammation contributes to the disease progression. The mechanisms of inhibition of neuroinflammation by EST and ERAs are discussed, as well as the neuroprotective roles of EST and ERAs in multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and epilepsy. The final chapter focuses on the dynamics of progression in MS patients, and the disease process within contexts of proinflammatory reactivity and interactivity.