Richard Butler 
Tourism Area Life Cycle [PDF ebook] 
Review, Relevance and Revision

The Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC) model is one of the most cited articles in the tourism literature, and since its publication has continued to be frequently quoted and utilised by academics and those in the tourism industry. Over the past 40 years it has been subject to widespread application and discussion, as well as elaboration, modification and criticism. This book provides a final overview of the use and contribution of the model, its strengths and weaknesses, and particularly its relevance in the 21st century in the context of problems such as overtourism and disasters, including the Covid-19 pandemic. The authors represent a mixture of senior academics, all of whom have used the TALC in their research, and younger scholars who have also used and modified the model. The final section considers revisions and concludes with a new version of the model.