Plants are the primary sources of medicines since ancient times and continue to provide mankind with new remedies. According to W.H.O. estimates 80 % of the people in developing countries still rely on traditional medicines based largely on both plants and animals species for their primary health care needs. The present volume provides recent research data on medicinal plants in an effort to discover new drugs for treatment of various diseases and conditions like urolithiasis, cancer, diabetes, gastrointestinal disorders, diarrhea, parasitic infections etc. as supported with the recent findings. In this context biological, pharmacological, chemical and potential medicinal use of marine-type alkaloids (MTA), wild chamomile (Matricaria ricotta), Aniseeds tanguticus, Nerium oleander, Area lantana, Achilles., Mangier indica, Emboli ribs, Stevia rebaudiana, Andrographis sp., Junipers, Trichosanthes cucumeroides, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Ginger, Lavonia etc. are discussed. Besides, antioxidant and ant proliferative activities of Lamiaceae species have been covered. Botanical biopreservatives use to microbial resistance towards conventional preservatives are dealt with. Researches on bioprospection for radioprotection have been reviewed. Napthaquinones isolated from the node of trees has been a subject of programme on chemistry of natural products. In addition, ethno medicinal plants of north-east India, antiophidic plants, keto-enol tautomerism in sallying and, potentials of drug in unlink targeting to the colon are described