The ten-volume set LNCS 14220, 14221, 14222, 14223, 14224, 14225, 14226, 14227, 14228, and 14229 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2023, which was held in Vancouver, Canada, in October 2023.The 730 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 2250 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topical sections:Part I: Machine learning with limited supervision and machine learning transfer learning;Part II: Machine learning learning strategies; machine learning explainability, bias, and uncertainty; Part III: Machine learning explainability, bias and uncertainty; image segmentation; Part IV: Image segmentation; Part V: Computer-aided diagnosis; Part VI: Computer-aided diagnosis; computational pathology; Part VII: Clinical applications abdomen; clinical applications breast; clinical applications cardiac; clinical applications dermatology; clinical applications fetal imaging; clinical applications lung; clinical applications musculoskeletal; clinical applications oncology; clinical applications ophthalmology; clinical applications vascular; Part VIII: Clinical applications neuroimaging; microscopy; Part IX: Image-guided intervention, surgical planning, and data science;Part X: Image reconstruction and image registration.