Geoffrey Evans & Pippa Norris 
Critical Elections [PDF ebook] 
British Parties and Voters in Long-term Perspective

Introduction – Pippa Norris and Geoffrey Evans
Understanding Electoral Change
PART ONE: NEW PATTERNS OF PARTY COMPETITION?
Party Policy and Ideology – Ian Budge
Reversing the 1950s?
New Politicians? Changes in Party Competition at Westminster – Pippa Norris
Party Members and Ideological Change – Paul Webb and David M Farrell
Party Loyalties – Ivor Crewe and Katarina Thomson
Dealignment or Realignment?
PART TWO: NEW SOCIAL ALIGNMENTS?
Class – Geoffrey Evans, Anthony Heath and Clive Payne
Labour as a Catch-All Party?
Race – Shamit Saggar and Anthony Heath
Towards a Multicultural Electorate?
Region – John Curtice and Alison Park
New Labour, New Geography?
Gender – Pippa Norris
A Gender-Generation Gap?
New Sources of Abstention? – Anthony Heath and Bridget Taylor
PART THREE: NEW ISSUE ALIGNMENTS?
The Impact of Left-Right Ideology – David Sanders
Europe – Geoffrey Evans
A New Electoral Cleavage?
Scotland – Paula Surridge et al
Constitutional Preferences and Voting Behaviour
Dynamic Representation in Britain – Mark Franklin and Christina Hughes
Conclusion – Pippa Norris and Geoffrey Evans
Was 1997 a Critical Election?

Pippa Norris is Director of the Democratic Governance group in the United Nations Development Programme in New York and the Maguire Lecturer in Comparative Politics at Harvard University′s John F. Kennedy School of Government. Recent books include Sacred and Secular: Politics and Religion Worldwide (with Ronald Inglehart, 2004), Electoral Engineering: Voting Rules and Political Behavior (2004), and Driving Democratization: What Works (2006). Norris, who is a political scientist, has served as an expert consultant for many international bodies including the UN, UNESCO, the Council of Europe, International IDEA, the National Endowment for Democracy, and the UK Electoral Commission.