Type 2 diabetes is a major health problem reaching epidemic dimensions. It’s complications, micro- and macrovascular, have a great impact in health economics as well as in the diabetic patient’s quality of life. In this book, the authors present current research in the study of the causes, treatment and preventive strategies of type 2 diabetes. Topics include the molecular genetics of type 2 diabetes mellitus; the pharmacogenetics and personalized therapy of oral antidiabetic drugs; gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy as effective treatment strategies in obese patients with type 2 diabetes; ACP1 genetic variability; and the study of biomarkers for diabetes mellitus type 2 and the role of high dose thiamine.