Leonard I. Pearlin & K. Warner, PhD Schaie 
Caregiving Systems [PDF ebook] 
Informal and Formal Helpers

Caregiving has emerged as a critical issue in the second half of the life cycle. With the growth of the older population, there have been dramatic increases in the number of people needing care and assistance. The responsibility for care typically falls on families at a time when they have limited resources to meet these needs. At a societal level, the need for care for growing numbers of disabled elders poses a major challenge for how to organize supportive services in an efficient and responsive system.
Bringing together multiple perspectives on caregiving, the authors” explore informal and formal family caregiving and the pivotal issue of how these systems interface and interact. An overview of this variation is provided by examining family caregiving from three perspectives:
* the effects of culture on helping patterns and family responsibility,
* how different disabilities affect patterns of family care, and
* longitudinal perspectives on the impact that caregiving has on family members.