‘This volume has some really nice features such as: the discussion of audio-lingual theory as deriving from behaviorism, the terrific discussion of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation–that is discussed here in a manner superior to any I′ve seen, the discussion of over-motivated students; the relation between self-esteem and self-efficacy, disabilities and language learning, and the provision of specific tips for learning vocabulary, grammar etc. The case studies are also wonderful. ‘
Robert Sternberg, Department of Psychology
Yale University
‘The case studies are among the most appealing characteristics of the book. They present readily identifiable, relatively easy-to-understand types of learners, and they include a vast range of possible types. The questions and prods related to the case studies are very valuable. The tables are very handy. I love the table on defense mechanisms and the chart about the intriguing metaphors for language learning.’
Rebecca L. Oxford, Ph.D, Area Head, Teacher Education
University of Alabama
Why is it so difficult for adults to learn a second language? How can we get to the source of these difficulties, diagnose the learner, and help them achieve their goals? Understanding Second Language Learning Difficulties addresses these questions, demonstrating some of the insights, techniques, and skills needed to understand adult students who are having problems learning a second language. Author Madeline E. Ehrman provides a deep examination of the source of difficulty, taking into consideration such issues as learning styles, personality dispositions, motivation, learning strategies, self-efficacy, and anxiety.
Helpful summaries, case studies, and exercises are included, giving the reader a firm grasp of the complex issues involved. This new volume presents multiple theories and models for each of the cases discussed, showing the reader how to evaluate observations in terms of individual difference dimensions. Scholars, researchers, and professionals in linguistics, communication, English as a second language, as well as teachers and trainers will value the thorough examination, and unique viewpoints this book offers.
Jadual kandungan
Introduction
What Is This Book For?
Direct Data Collection
Observation
Direct Data Collection
Interviewing Students.
Cognitive Learning Styles
Field Independence and Field Sensitivity
Personality Models
The Affective Dimension
Motivation, Self-Efficacy, and Anxiety
Biographic Background Information and Student Learning Strategies
Using Information from Questionnaires and Tests and Language Aptitude
Students in Context
When You Need Outside Help
On Your Own
Mengenai Pengarang
Madeline Ehrman is an independent scholar and consultant, retired from the position of Director of Research, Evaluation, & Development at the Foreign Service Institute (US Department of State). With advanced degrees in both linguistics and psychology, she has published extensively on topics that combine both fields, e.g., the books Understanding Second Language Learning Difficulties and Interpersonal Dynamics in Second Language Education. Her areas of interest include individual differences in adult language learning, language learning aptitude, the emotional aspects of learning, and helping learners make better use of their metacognition. In addition to continuing to write and consult, she also is pursuing a long-time interest in the work of JRR Tolkien.
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