Pengarang: Solomon Northup

The basis for the Academy Award®-winning movie! "A moving, vital testament to one of slavery’s ‘many thousand gone’ who retained his humanity in the bowels of degradation." — Sat …

The basis for the Academy Award®-winning movie! "A moving, vital testament to one of slavery’s ‘many thousand gone’ who retained his humanity in the bowels of degradation." — Sat …

The classic 1968 edition with historical notes WITH A NEW foreword by Karolyn Smardz Frost. Solomon Northup was a free man, the son of an emancipated Negro Slave. Until the spring of 1841 he lived a …

After living as a free man for the first thirty-three years of his life, Solomon Northup was drugged, kidnapped, and sold into slavery, leaving behind a wife and three children in New York. Sold to a …

‘Twelve Years A Slave’ is the story of Solomon Northup, an African American who was born free in New York in the early 1800s. In 1841, Solomon Northup was captured and forced into slavery for a perio …

First published in 1853, “Twelve Years a Slave” is Solomon Northup’s harrowing memoir of being tricked into slavery. Northup, who was a free African American living in Saratoga, New York, had no idea …

The history of African Americans is a long, grim history full of injustices and brutality. But it is also filled with courage and perseverance. Gathered here in this omnibus edition are ten books tha …

Here is the harrowing true story of Solomon Northup, a free black man living in New York. He was kidnapped by unscrupulous slave hunters and sold into slavery where he, endured unimaginable degradati …

When Solomon Northup, born a free black man in Saratoga, New York, was offered a short-term job with a circus in Washington, D.C., in 1841, he jumped at the opportunity. But when he arrived, he was k …

Collected here in this omnibus edition are three influential autobiographies of prominent men whose rose up from slavery to greatness. Essential reading for anyone interested in African American Heri …

Here is the harrowing true story of Solomon Northup, a free black man living in New York. He was kidnapped by unscrupulous slave hunters and sold into slavery where he, endured unimaginable degradati …

A powerful and riveting condemnation of American slavery, 12 Years a Slave is the harrowing true story of Solomon Northup who was kidnapped and sold into slavery, enduring unimaginable degradation an …

Solomon Northup lebte als freier Bürger, bis er von Sklavenhändlern verschleppt und an einen Plantagenbesitzer in Louisiana verkauft wurde. Zwölf Jahre erlitt er grausamste Gefangenschaft, bevor er s …

When the editor commenced the preparation of the following narrative, he did not suppose it would reach the size of this volume. In order, however, to present all the facts which have been communicat …

Solomon Northup, ein freier Bürger des Staates New York, wird 1841 unter einem Vorwand in die Südstaaten gelockt, vergiftet, entführt und an einen Sklavenhändler verkauft. 12 Jahre lang schuftet er a …

Solomon Northup tells the story of his life, the thrilling story of a free colored man, kidnapped in Washington in 1841, sold into slavery, and, after a twelve years’ bondage, reclaimed by State Auth …

Dies ist Band 1 der Trilogie ‘Zwölf Jahre Ein Sklave’, die detailgetreue Übersetzung des Bestsellers ’12 Years A Slave’, verfilmt 2013, bereits heute ausgezeichnet mit dem Golden Globe als Bester Fil …

Dies ist Band 2 der Trilogie ‘Zwölf Jahre Ein Sklave’, die detailgetreue Übersetzung des Bestsellers ’12 Years A Slave’, verfilmt 2013, bereits heute ausgezeichnet mit dem Golden Globe als Bester Fil …

Dies ist Band 3 der Trilogie ‘Zwölf Jahre Ein Sklave’, die detailgetreue Übersetzung des Bestsellers ’12 Years A Slave’, verfilmt 2013, bereits heute ausgezeichnet mit dem Golden Globe als Bester Fil …

Dies ist die detailgetreue Übersetzung und Gesamtausgabe des Bestsellers ’12 Years A Slave’, verfilmt 2013, bereits heute ausgezeichnet mit dem Golden Globe als Bester Film und einer der ersten Anwär …

In his home town of Saratoga, New York, Solomon Northup, a free negro who was a skilled carpenter and violinist, was approached by two circus promoters. They offered him a brief, high-paying job as a …

Twelve Years a Slave, a True Story by Solomon Northup. Narrative of Solomon Northup, a Citizen of New-York, Kidnapped In Washington City In 1841, and Rescued in 1853.The Narrative will be read with i …

When the editor commenced the preparation of the following narrative, he did not suppose it would reach the size of this volume. In order, however, to present all the facts which have been communicat …

Having been born a freeman, and for more than thirty years enjoyed the blessings of liberty in a free State—and having at the end of that time been kidnapped and sold into Slavery, where I remained, …

Twelve Years a Slave, sub-title: Narrative of Solomon Northup, citizen of New-York, kidnapped in Washington city in 1841, and rescued in 1853, from a cotton plantation near the Red River in Louisiana …

Twelve Years a Slave, sub-title: Narrative of Solomon Northup, citizen of New-York, kidnapped in Washington city in 1841, and rescued in 1853, from a cotton plantation near the Red River in Louisiana …

Born a free man in New York State in 1808, Solomon Northup was kidnapped in Washington, DC, in 1841. He spent the next 12 harrowing years of his life as a slave on a Louisiana cotton plantation. Duri …

Solomon Northup was an American abolitionist and the primary author of the memoir Twelve Years a Slave.  …

‘Twelve Years a Slave’ is a memoir and slave narrative by American Solomon Northup. Solomon Northup was born to a free family in July 1808 in Minerva, New York. His father, reared in slavery, was fre …

Solomon Northup was born a free man in New York State. At the age of 33 he was kidnapped in Washington D.C. and placed in an underground slave pen. Northup was transported by ship to New Orleans wher …

In 1841, African American Solomon Northup, a free man, is kidnapped and forced into slavery under the name 'Platt' for 12 years. He faces the hardships of being a slave under the hands of a f …

Da questa storia vera il film di Steve Mc Queen vincitore di 3 premi Oscar, del Golden Globe &copy e premiato al festival di Toronto La straordinaria storia vera di Solomon Northup Da questo libro il …

Here is the harrowing true story of Solomon Northup, a free black man living in New York. He was kidnapped by unscrupulous slave hunters and sold into slavery where he, endured unimaginable degradati …

Solomon Northup was born a free man in New York State. At the age of 33 he was kidnapped in Washington D.C. and placed in an underground slave pen. Northup was transported by ship to New Orleans wher …

‘Twelve Years a Slave’ is an 1853 memoir and slave narrative by American Solomon Northup. Solomon Northup (1808 – 1863) was an American abolitionist.   …

The shocking first-hand account of one man’s remarkable fight for freedom; now an award-winning motion picture.’Why had I not died in my young years – before God had given me children to love and liv …

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The classic 1968 edition with historical notes WITH A NEW foreword by Karolyn Smardz Frost.Solomon Northup was a free man, the son of an emancipated Negro Slave. Until the spring of 1841 he lived a s …

Solomon Northup, age 33, a well-educated black man who was born into freedom, resided with his wife and three children in his native state of New York. Solomon was kidnapped and sold into slavery in …

First published in 1853, Twelve Years a Slave is the narrative of Solomon Northup’s experience as a freeman sold into slavery, having spent twelve years in bondage before finally escaping. Northup’s …

#1 Bestseller Now a major motion picture directed by Steve Mc Queen and starring Brad Pitt, Chiwetel Ejiofor, Michael Fassbender, Benedict Cumberbatch, and Paul Giamatti 12 Years a Slave is a rivetin …

Kidnapped and sold into slavery in the American South, freeman Solomon Northup spent twelve years in bondage before being freed. Twelve Years a Slave is Northup’s moving memoir, revealing unimaginabl …

For more than thirty years, Solomon Northup lived in New York as a free man. But in 1841, while pursuing a job offer in Washington DC, Northup was kidnapped and sold into slavery. After being brutall …

For more than thirty years, Solomon Northup lived in New York as a free man. But in 1841, while pursuing a job offer in Washington DC, Northup was kidnapped and sold into slavery. After being brutall …

The story that inspired the major motion picture, with an introduction by the bestselling author of Wench, Dolen Perkins-Valdez, Twelve Years a Slave is a harrowing, vividly detailed, and utterly unf …

The harrowing true story that inspired the critically acclaimed film The son of a freed slave, Solomon Northup lived the first thirty years of his life as a free man in upstate New York. In the sprin …

This unforgettable memoir was the basis for the Academy Award-winning film 12 Years a Slave. This is the true story of Solomon Northup, born a freeman in New York. He lived the American dream, with a …

Four of the most important and enduring American slave narratives together in one volume. Until slavery was abolished in 1865, millions of men, women, and children toiled under a system that stripped …

Skyros Publishing is dedicated to reproducing the finest books ever written and letting readers of all ages experience a classic for the first time or revisit a past favorite. Twelve Years a Slave, …

12 Years a Slave is the harrowing account of a black man, born free in New York State, who was drugged, kidnapped, and sold into slavery in 1841. Having no way to contact his family, and fearing for …

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In 1841, free-born African American Solomon Northup was offered a job in his hometown of Saratoga Springs, New York. He followed his employers to the job site at Washington, D.C., where he was beaten …

Solomon Northup was born a free man but was kidnapped and sold into slavery. Northup was a slave for 12 years in Louisiana before he was rescued. The narrative Northup wrote on his experience is one …

Twelve Years a Slave is the immensely popular memoir of Solomon Northup, a free-born African-American who was kidnapped in Washinghton, D.C. in 1841 and sold into slavery. He toiled on plantations in …

Twelve Years a Slave is the immensely popular memoir of Solomon Northup, a free-born African-American who was kidnapped in Washington, D.C. in 1841 and sold into slavery. He toiled on plantations in …

Twelve Years A Slave is subtitled Narrative of Solomon Northup, citizen of New York, kidnapped in Washington city in 1841, and rescued in 1853 from a cotton plantation near the Red River in Louisiana …

‘I was sitting upon a low bench, made of rough boards, and without coat or hat. I was handcuffed. Around my ankles also were a pair of heavy fetters. One end of a chain was fastened to a large ring i …

"Twelve Years a Slave" (1853) is a memoir and slave narrative by Solomon Northup, as told to and edited by David Wilson. Northup, a black man who was born free in New York, details his kidn …

Since my return to liberty, I have not failed to perceive the increasing interest throughout the Northern States, in regard to the subject of Slavery. Works of fiction, professing to portray its feat …

Twelve Years a Slave is from Solomon’s personal experience.He was originally a free black man living in New York, but later kidnapped and then began his slave life.The publication of this book has af …

Twelve Years a Slave, sub-title: Narrative of Solomon Northup, citizen of New-York, kidnapped in Washington city in 1841, and rescued in 1853, from a cotton plantation near the Red River in Louisiana …

‘I could not believe that I had never heard of this book. It felt as important as Anne Frank’s diary, only published nearly a hundred years before’ – Steve Mc Queen, director of the Academy Award-win …

Originally published in 1853, Twelve Years a Slave is a haunting portrayal of stolen freedom and brutal life on the sugar and cotton plantations of the Deep South. Landowner, carpenter, and skilled v …

The extraordinary true story of Solomon Northup, a free African-American living in New York in 1841, who was kidnapped, sold into slavery, and subjected to unimaginable degradation and abuse until hi …

This harrowing true story of Solomon Northup was the basis for the Academy Award-winning film ’12 Years a Slave’. In it, he takes the reader on an unforgettable journey from the slave markets in Wash …

This is the true story of Solomon Northup , who was born and raised as a freeman in New York. He explains his kidnapping in Washington, D.C., and subsequent sale into slavery. After having been kept …

«Un libro tan importante como el Diario de Ana Frank, pero publicado casi cien años antes.» Steve Mc Queen «Solo puedo hablar de la esclavitud en la medida en que la he observado yo mismo, en que la …

Solomon Northup was born a free man in New York State. At the age of 33 he was kidnapped in Washington D.C. and placed in an underground slave pen. Northup was transported by ship to New Orleans wher …

Having been born a freeman, and for more than thirty years enjoyed the blessings of liberty in a free State-and having at the end of that time been kidnapped and sold into Slavery, where I remained, …

12 Years a Slave is the memoir of Solomon Northup, a New York State-born free African-American man who was kidnapped in Washington, D.C., in 1841 and sold into slavery. Northup worked on plantations …

This carefully crafted ebook: ’12 YEARS A SLAVE (Voices From The Past Series)’ is formatted for your e Reader with a functional and detailed table of contents. Excerpt: ‘Having been born a freeman, a …

This carefully crafted ebook: ‘Slavery: Not Forgiven, Never Forgotten’ is formatted for your e Reader with a functional and detailed table of contents: Memoirs Narrative of Frederick Douglass 12 Year …

This edition brings to you the finest collection of personal memoirs from the true champions of liberty. With their powerful narratives, they have changed people’s convictions about slavery and shook …

Twelve Years a Slave is a memoir and slave narrative by Solomon Northup. Northup, a black man who was born free in New York state, details his being tricked to go to Washington, D.C., in 1841 where h …

‘Never Forgotten, Never Could Be’ is a profound anthology that captures the essences of struggles, resilience, and emancipation through the voices of eminent historical figures and activists. Ranging …

This unique collection consists of the most influential memoirs – powerful & unflinching narratives of former slaves and stories of people who helped them; including records and letters which unfold …

This unique collection consists of the most influential narratives of former slaves and the stories of people who have helped them. With their powerful & unflinching stories, they changed people’s co …

Solomon Northup’s ‘Twelve Years a Slave’ is a harrowing autobiographical account of his abduction into slavery and subsequent twelve-year struggle for freedom. Written in a straightforward and lucid …

Solomon Northup’s ‘Twelve Years a Slave (Unabridged)’ is a harrowing firsthand account of Northup’s abduction and subsequent enslavement in the antebellum South. Written in a straightforward and comp …

‘Living to Tell the Horrid Tales: True Life Stories of Former Slaves, Historical Documents & Novels’ is a profound anthology that embodies a spectrum of narratives ranging from heart-wrenching slave …

‘Once Upon a Slave’ is a monumental anthology that captures a broad spectrum of narratives from formerly enslaved individuals, presented through a tapestry of memoirs and testimonies. This collection …

‘Unmasking the Silence – 17 Powerful Slave Narratives in One Edition’ delves into the profound depths of human resilience and the fierce spirit of survival through the spectra of slavery’s harsh real …

Solomon Northup (born c.1807) was an American abolitionist and author. Born free to a freed slave and a free African American woman, he was a professional violinist, farmer and landowner until he was …

Revisados y actualizados, contienen un índice de contenidos al inicio del libro que permite acceder a cada tíltulo de forma fácil y directa.

• La Divina Comedia por Dante Alighieri
• Me …

Narrative of Solomon Northup, citizen of New-York, kidnapped in Washington city in 1841, and rescued in 1853, from a cotton plantation near the Red River in Louisiana, is a memoir by Solomon Northup …

Solomon Northup’s ’12 Years A Slave’ is a gripping memoir that recounts his harrowing experience as a free African American man who was kidnapped and sold into slavery in the 19th century. Written in …

“Life is dear to every living thing; the worm that crawls upon the ground will struggle for it.” Twelve Years a Slave is an 1853 autobiographical narrative by Solomon Northup as told to and edited by …

Solomon Northup (1808–1857) was a free-born African American from Saratoga Springs, New York. In 1841, he was kidnapped and forced into slavery for twelve years. With the help of his family and his f …

Solomon Northup, un hombre negro libre que vive en el Nueva York de 1850 con su familia, es un virtuoso del violín. Mientras su mujer se va unas semanas a visitar a unos familiares, dos hombre …

Solomon Northup was born a free man in New York State. At the age of 33 he was kidnapped in Washington D.C. and placed in an underground slave pen. Northup was transported by ship to New Orleans wher …

Narrative of Solomon Northup, citizen of New-York, kidnapped in Washington city in 1841, and rescued in 1853, from a cotton plantation near the Red River in Louisiana, is a memoir by Solomon Northup …

DISCOVER A TALE OF UNIMAGINABLE ADVERSITY Twelve Years a Slave tells the story of Solomon Northup, a free-born man of colour who was kidnapped and sold into slavery in the American South in 1841. His …

DISCOVER A TALE OF UNIMAGINABLE ADVERSITY Twelve Years a Slave tells the story of Solomon Northup, a free-born man of colour who was kidnapped and sold into slavery in the American South in 1841. His …

Slavery in the United States lasted more than two centuries. The adoption of the Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in December 1865 abolished slavery after the American Civil War. The fir …

‘Doce años de esclavitud’ es un libro de memorias de un ciudadano estadounidense llamado Solomon Northup, contada y editada por el abogado y político contemporáneo de su época, David Wilson. Publicad …

The astonishing memoir of a free man who was sold into slavery in Louisiana where he was kept for 12 years-a powerful, riveting condemnation of slavery, and a story soon to be introduced to a new aud …

It was Solomon’s fortune, during his captivity, to be owned by several masters. The treatment he received while at the "Pine Woods" shows that among slaveholders there are men of humanity a …

Solomon Northup was a farmer and a musician who was taken hostage and sold into slavery in 1841. In his first year of freedom, Northup wrote and published a memoir, Twelve Years a Slave (1853). It wa …

Twelve Years a Slave' is a unique, unflinching record of slavery from the inside, and the incredible account of one man whose life was ripped from him and who fought to get it back. This is the …

This novel gives insight into the slavery practice, judicial authorities of different states, inhumane punishments for black people. The author also accords to the treatment of other slaves; he witne …

This illustrated edition of ‘Twelve Years a Slave’ includes:Illustrations of objects and places mentioned in the novel. Twelve Years a Slave is an 1853 memoir and slave narrative by American Solomon …

‘Breaking the Chains’ is a rich anthology that traverses the harrowing landscapes of slavery, freedom, and the relentless quest for human dignity. This collection encapsulates a range of literary for …

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La Divina Comedia by Dante Alighieri Metafísica by Aristóteles Sentido y Sensibiildad by Jane Austen Las Flores del Mal by Charles Baudelaire El Decamerón by Giovanni Boccaccio Agnes Grey (Español) b …

La Divina Comedia by Dante Alighieri Metafísica by Aristóteles Sentido y Sensibiildad by Jane Austen Las Flores del Mal by Charles Baudelaire El Decamerón by Giovanni Boccaccio Agnes Grey (Español) b …

Published the same year in which Solomon Northrup was freed from his enslavement, 12 Years A Slave has been a pivotal documented memoir, describing the history of violence and cruelty done to the Afr …

The Most Influential Memoirs Of Former Slaves is a powerful anthology that gathers the seminal narratives of individuals who navigated and survived the heinous institution of slavery in the United St …

Taking the Chains Off – Testimonies and Narratives of Former Slaves is an essential anthology that brings together the voices of those who lived through the darkest chapters of American history. This …

Solomon Northup’s ’12 Years a Slave’ is a harrowing and poignant memoir that details the author’s experience as a free black man who was kidnapped and sold into slavery in the antebellum South. The b …

Solomon Northup’s narrative, Twelve Years a Slave, offers a powerful account of the experience of enslavement in the United States during the nineteenth century. Through Northup’s firsthand perspecti …

This collection includes over 100 slave narratives and more than a thousands transcripts of recorded interviews made with former salves in the first half of 20th century: Life of William Grimes, the …

E-artnow present the anthology of the most impactful slave narratives. The collection includes the memoirs, letters and biographies of former slaves, with the thousands of recorded interviews made in …

This collection presents the memoirs that had the greatest historical. These powerful voices unco-vered the unfeasible truth about the horrors of slavery, they changed the way people think and feel a …

Twelve Years a Slave is an 1853 memoir and slave narrative by American Solomon Northup as told to and edited by David Wilson. Northup, a black man who was born free in New York state, details his bei …

African American literature is the body of literature produced in the United States by writers of African descent. It begins with the works of such late 18th-century writers as Phillis Wheatley. Befo …

A obra que originou o filme 12 Anos de Escravidão retrata a história de Solomon Northup, um homem negro nascido livre nos Estados Unidos, que após ter recebido uma falsa proposta de trabalho, foi seq …

12 Years a Slave is the harrowing account of a black man, born free in New York State, who was drugged, kidnapped, and sold into slavery in 1841. Having no way to contact his family, and fearing for …

Vencedor do Oscar, Globo de Ouro e Bafta de Melhor Filme em 2014, 12 anos de escravidão’ é um relato verídico contundente levado às telas. Solomon Northup, um cidadão nova-iorquino livre, é sequestra …

Northup describes his time as a slave in Louisiana in "Twelve Years a Slave, " including the cruelty and dehumanization his fellow slaves experienced at the hands of their owners. He talks …

¿Estás listo para un viaje literario sin igual? Con ’50 Clásicos que Debes Leer Antes de Morir’, embarcarse en un recorrido inolvidable por la riqueza de la literatura universal. Esta colección única …

12 Years A Slave: A True Story is a powerful memoir that exposes the harrowing reality of slavery in America. Solomon Northup’s firsthand account of his twelve years of bondage is a haunting and cour …

After living as a free man for the first thirty-three years of his life, Solomon Northup was drugged, kidnapped, and sold into slavery, leaving behind a wife and three children in New York. Sold to a …

Embárcate en un viaje literario inolvidable con 50 Obras Maestras que debes leer antes de morir. Adéntrate en un fascinante recorrido literario con 50 Obras Maestras que debes leer antes de morir, un …

After living as a free man for the first thirty-three years of his life, Solomon Northup was drugged, kidnapped, and sold into slavery, leaving behind a wife and three children in New York. Sold to a …

‘100$ REWARD ON MY HEAD – Powerful & Unflinching Memoirs Of Former Slaves’ gathers a seminal collection of narratives that offer a profound insight into the lives of those who lived through and fough …

UNCHAINED – Powerful & Unflinching Narratives Of Former Slaves assembles a seminal collection that spans a breathtaking range of experiences, literary styles, and historical periods, diving deep into …

This unique collection of ‘LIVING TO TELL THE HORRID TALES: True Life Stories of Fomer Slaves, Testimonies, Novels & Historical Documents’ has been designed and formatted to the highest digital stand …

This unique collection of ‘SLAVERY: Hundreds of Documented Testimonies of Former Slaves, Influential Memoirs, Records on Living Conditions and Customs in the South & History of Abolitionist Movement’ …

Living to Tell the Horrid Tales: True Life Stories of Former Slaves, Historical Documents & Novels is an unparalleled collection that brings together a remarkable range of narratives, documents, and …

Never Forgotten, Never Could Be is a seminal anthology that presents a kaleidoscopic view of the struggle for freedom and the resilience of the human spirit through the prism of African American lite …

Living to Tell the Horrid Tales: True Life Stories of Former Slaves, Historical Documents & Novels is a seminal collection that captures the diverse experiences of slavery through a broad array of li …

‘Never Forgotten, Never Could Be’ is a profound anthology that stitches together a mosaic of narratives from the heart of darkness and light in American history. Showcasing an exceptional range of li …

In ‘Breaking the Chains, ‘ readers are presented with a meticulously curated anthology that spans a critical period in history, charting the course of African American experiences from enslavement to …

BREAKING THE CHAINS is a seminal anthology that masterfully comprises the narratives of individuals who played pivotal roles in exposing the brutal realities of slavery and advocating for its aboliti …

100$ REWARD ON MY HEAD Powerful & Unflinching Memoirs Of Former Slaves: 28 Narratives in One Volume is a monumental anthology that sets a cornerstone in the exploration of American slavery, freedom, …

UNCHAINED – Powerful & Unflining Narratives Of Former Slaves anthologizes the profound and varied experiences of individuals who endured slavery in the United States. This collection showcases an exp …

’12 Years a Slave’ is the harrowing, true account of a free Black man living in New York during the early 1800’s who is kidnaped, transported to Louisiana and forced to work and live as a slave for o …

Solomon Northup’s 12 Years A Slave: A True Story is a memoir of gripping intensity that recounts his kidnapping and enslavement in 19th-century America. Northup’s candid account of the unspeakable ho …

In ’12 Jahre als Sklave’ erzählt Solomon Northup, ein freier Afroamerikaner, der in die Sklaverei entführt und verkauft wurde, seine erschütternde Geschichte. Sein Werk ist nicht nur ein kraftvolles …

* A new Introduction, foreword and Life & Works Part of a series of classic, often neglected works by black writers The series gathers together the roots of modern black sci-fi With a Glossary of Got …

The 20 Most Influential Slave Narratives is an extraordinary compendium that explores the profound themes of human struggle, resilience, and liberation through a multitude of literary styles. This an …

Encompassing a spectrum of firsthand accounts, ‘The Real-Life Stories that Abolished Slavery: 20 Most Influential Slave Narratives’ presents a compelling anthology that captures the indomitable spiri …

’12 años de esclavitud’ es un poderoso relato autobiográfico escrito por Solomon Northup, un hombre libre de origen africano que fue secuestrado y vendido como esclavo en los Estados Unidos durante e …