A comparative history of the relocation and removal of indigenous societies in the Greater American Southwest during the mid-nineteenth century
Lost Worlds of 1863: Relocation and Removal of American Indians in the Central Rockies and the Greater Southwest offers a unique comparative narrative approach to the diaspora experiences of the Apaches, O’odham and Yaqui in Arizona and Sonora, the Navajo and Yavapai in Arizona, the Shoshone of Utah, the Utes of Colorado, the Northern Paiutes of Nevada and California, and other indigenous communities in the region. Focusing on the events of the year 1863, W. Dirk Raat provides an in-depth examination of the mid-nineteenth century genocide and devastation of the American Indian.
Addressing the loss of both the identity and the sacred landscape of indigenous peoples, the author compares various kinds of relocation between different indigenous groups ranging from the removal and assimilation policies of the United States government regarding the Navajo and Paiute people, to the outright massacre and extermination of the Bear River Shoshone. The book is organized around detailed individual case studies that include extensive histories of the pre-contact, Spanish, and Mexican worlds that created the context for the pivotal events of 1863. This important volume:
* Narrates the history of Indian communities such as the Yavapai, Apache, O’odham, and Navajo both before and after 1863
* Addresses how the American Indian has been able to survive genocide, and in some cases thrive in the present day
* Discusses topics including Indian slavery and Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation, the Yaqui deportation, Apache prisoners of war, and Great Basin tribal politics
* Explores Indian ceremonial rites and belief systems to illustrate the relationship between sacred landscapes and personal identity
* Features sub-chapters on topics such as the Hopi-Navajo land controversy and Native Americanboarding schools
* Includes numerous maps and illustrations, contextualizing the content for readers
Lost Worlds of 1863: Relocation and Removal of American Indians in the Central Rockies and the Greater Southwest is essential reading for academics, students, and general readers with interest in Western history, Native American history, and the history of Indian-White relations in the United States and Mexico.
Jadual kandungan
Illustrations ix
Maps x
Foreword xi
Preface xv
Prologue: Indigenous People in a Global Context Myth, Struggle and Survival xxiv
Part I Slavery and Removal in California and the Far West 1
1 Lincoln, Free Soil and Frémont: The Emancipation Proclamation and Indian Slavery 3
Commentary: Lincoln and the Pueblos 26
2 Numu (Paiute) Wanderings, Trails, and Tears 27
Commentary: The Military and the Boarding School 54
3 Great Basin Tribal Politics: Western Shoshones, Southern Paiutes, and Colorado Utes 63
Part II The Arizona-Sonoran Experience 67
4 The Long Walk of the Navajos 69
Commentary: The Hopi-Navajo Land Controversy 97
5 Death of Mangas Coloradas, Chiricahua ‘Renegades, ‘ and Apache Prisoners of War 105
6 Treasure Hunters Hunting Deer Hunters: Yavapai and Apache Gold 133
7 With Friends like These: The O’odham Water Controversy 157
Commentary: Mormons and Lamanites 183
Part III From Removal (Ethnic Cleansing) to Genocide 189
8 From Battle to Massacre on the Bear River 191
9 Slaying the Deer Slayers in Mexico: The Yaqui Experience 222
10 Epilogue: After Relocation, from Geronimo to Houser 247
Notes 270
For Further Reading 341
Acknowledgments 350
Index 355
Mengenai Pengarang
W. Dirk Raat is Professor Emeritus, State University of New York (SUNY) Fredonia, New York, and Professor Emeritus, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona. He has taught Mexican, Latin American, and Indigenous history for 34 years, and has published eight books and numerous articles and essays on the history of Mexico and Mexico-U.S. relations.
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