When most people think about Catholicism and science, they will automatically think of one of the famous events in the history of science – the condemnation of Galileo by the Roman Catholic Church. But the interaction of Catholics with science has been – and is – far more complex and positive than that depicted in the legend of the Galileo affair. Understanding the natural world has always been a strength of Catholic thought and research – from the great theologians of the Middle Ages to the present day – and science has been a hallmark of Catholic education for centuries.Catholicism and Science, a volume in the Greenwood Guides to Science and Religion series, covers all aspects of the relationship of science and the Church: How Catholics interacted with the profound changes in the physical sciences (natural philosophy) and biological sciences (natural history) during the Scientific Revolution; how Catholic scientists reacted to the theory of evolution and their attempts to make evolution compatible with Catholic theology; and the implications of Roman Catholic doctrinal and moral teachings for neuroscientific research, and for investigation into genetics and cloning.The volume includes primary source documents, a glossary and timeline of important events, and an annotated bibliography of the most useful works for further research