Why we are poor and others are so very rich, indeed, why they are so rich when we are still very poor. A decisive examination of inequality and its relationship to poverty and wealth, The Poor and the Plutocrats explores how we live in a world of very many poor people and a very few extremely rich ones – the poor and the plutocrats of the title. Globally the last twenty years have seen declines in inequality between countries and the fastest fall in the numbers of absolutely poor in history – those living on less than the World Bank extreme poverty line of US$1.90 per day. In parallel, inequality within some countries has increased markedly, particularly in the US and the UK. In The Poor and the Plutocrats, Francis Teal explains this pattern of falling absolute poverty and rising relative poverty (the decline of global inequality and the rise of inequality within countries) through the lens of how, over the last two centuries, the value of relatively unskilled labour has changed. To understand the co-existence of the poor and the plutocrats, Teal examines the patterns of growth in national income and how the 1% have captured, in some countries, an increasing share of that income. This book explains how we have come to live in a world of such high levels of income and such dissatisfaction with how that income is distributed.