In the context of an aging society and the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, ensuring a healthy life expectancy has become a pressing social concern. Amidst the pandemic’s impact on medical systems worldwide, the need for advancements in early diagnosis, minimally invasive treatments, and infectious disease countermeasures has been reaffirmed. The demand for practical solutions, including new drugs, medical devices, and healthcare systems, is vocalized by healthcare professionals. To address these challenges, engineering researchers play a crucial role in swiftly translating their technological innovations into medical applications. In this book, cutting-edge researchers introduce biomedical engineering from materials, devices, imaging, and information. The chapter contributors are major members of the Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, Japan. This text discusses topics on biomaterials (Chapters 1 to 3), medical devices (Chapters 4 to 11), basic medicine and dentistry (Chapters 12 to 15), and medical systems (Chapters 16 and 17). All of the topics are important areas in biomedical engineering.