This book is devoted to the power of mathematical modeling to give an answer to a broad diversity of real problems including medicine, finance, social behavioral problems and many engineering problems. Mathematical modeling in social sciences is very recent and comes with special challenges such as the difficulty to manage human behaviour, the role of the model hypothesis with the objectivity/subjectivity and the proper understanding of the conclusions. In this book, the reader will find several behavioral mathematical models that in fact may be understood as the so-called epidemiological models in the sense that they deal with populations instead of individuals.