This monograph provides a detailed review of published literature on the subject of black elderberries in traditional ethnomedicine and modern healthcare. The content was compiled for use by professionals who require detailed information for product development and regulatory evaluation of black elderberries. Research and writing was conducted by Kenneth Jones, a creative science writer and consultant specializing in food and medicinal plants for over 25 years, and a member of the Advisory Board of the American Botanical Council since 2005. Black Elderberry Monograph was commissioned by Berry Pharma Extracts, a business unit of Iprona AG, Lana, BZ – the leading international supplier of membrane-enriched extracts of black elderberries.