On March 2010, President Obama signed into law a comprehensive health care reform bill, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA). The law, among other things, reauthorizes the Indian Health Care Improvement Act (IHCIA) and makes several changes that may affect American Indians and Alaska Natives enrolled in and receiving services from the Medicare, Medicaid, and State Children’s Health Insurance Program. This book summarizes some of the key changes made in the reauthorization of IHCIA as it sets out the national policy for health services for Indians.